This set of Pollution Control Multiple Choice Questions & Answers (MCQs) focuses on “Types of Pollution from Chemical Industries”.
1. Which of the following methods is not used to remove chromium (VI) from effluents in various industries?
a) Precipitation of chromium salts
b) By using ion-exchanger
c) Absorption of the metal onto an absorbent
d) Evaporating the liquid so that the metal is left behind
View Answer
Explanation: Chromium (VI) is precipitated from effluents using ion-exchanger, chemical precipitation, and absorption. Choice of method of separation depends on the cost considerations and effectiveness. Evaporation of wastewater is uneconomical and ineffective.
2. Leather tanneries cause what kind of pollution?
a) Land
b) Water
c) Air
d) Radioactive
View Answer
Explanation: Tanneries majorly cause water pollution of nearby water bodies. A significant pollutant from tanneries is organic matter, which can cause changes in the ecosystem of the surrounding water body as well as severe odour problems.
3. Molasses are produced from which industry?
a) Cane sugar
b) Pharmaceutical
c) Steel
d) Textile
View Answer
Explanation: A by-product of sugar production is molasses. Molasses have a high BOD and hence should be separated before effluent disposal.
4. Particulate matter is a major constituent of an air pollutant from which industry?
a) Cars
b) Construction
c) Iron and steel
d) Food processing
View Answer
Explanation: Construction industries, which release a high amount of cement dust, and smoke are a large contributor to particulate matter pollution. Dust and smoke are both airborne solids and therefore, fall in this category.
5. Phenols are present in effluents from food processing.
a) False
b) True
View Answer
Explanation: Food processing increases the shelf life of food by adding antioxidants. Phenols have to be removed from food to do this. Phenols are separated from food via solvent extraction and are discarded as waste through the effluents.
6. How does lye from effluents of soap industries affect water bodies?
a) Lye has a high Chemical Oxygen Demand
b) Lye changes the pH of the water
c) Lye reduces the acidity of the water
d) Lye causes temperature change in water bodies
View Answer
Explanation: Lye, released from effluents of soap industries, has a high COD. This means that it consumes the dissolved oxygen in the water and depletes it, thus affecting aquatic life.
7. Slag is produced from which industry?
a) Metallurgy
b) Chemical industry
c) Oil industry
d) Fertilizer
View Answer
Explanation: The conversion of ore to metal requires the separation of waste material from the ore itself. This process produces solid waste in the form of slag that consists of unwanted material as waste.
8. What is the main use of xylene in the paint industry?
a) Xylene is used as a pickling agent
b) Xylene is used as a chemical solvent
c) Xylene is used as an absorption agent
d) Xylene is used for extraction
View Answer
Explanation: Xylene is used popularly as a chemical solvent in many industries, including the paint industry and the oil industry. This is because xylene is insoluble in water and is suitable for the dissolution of hydrocarbons and other substances that are insoluble in water.
9. What is NOT a cause of industrial pollution?
a) Inefficient use of equipment
b) Inefficient policies
c) Inefficient waste disposal
d) Inefficient site selection
View Answer
Explanation: Inefficient policies, site-selection, and waste disposal methods are all causes of industrial pollution. On the other hand, inefficient use of equipment may cause problems in manufacturing and processing but is not a significant contributor to industrial pollution.
10. Dye industry causes which type of pollution?
a) Land and air
b) Water and air
c) Land and water
d) Particulate matter and land
View Answer
Explanation: The dye industry causes severe land and water pollution. Dyes, especially azo dyes are carcinogenic and can cause chronic ailments when consumed.
11. Which industry causes all three: air, water, and land pollution?
a) Iron, steel, and caustic soda
b) Oil refineries and caustic soda
c) Oil refineries and iron, steel
d) Fertilizer and pesticides
View Answer
Explanation: Both the iron and steel industry and the manufacture of caustic soda cause land, air, and water pollution. The other options cause pollution of two out of three systems, not all three.
12. Specific industries dispose of dyes and organic compounds, which may impart colour to the effluent. What is a major environmental concern of colour as waste when released into water bodies via effluents?
a) Dyes increase chlorine demand
b) Dyes are an aesthetic concern
c) Dyes alter the natural odour of water body
d) Dyes alter the natural taste of water
View Answer
Explanation: Colour due to organic compounds and dyes can cause an increased chlorine demand, reducing the chlorine content in water. Chlorine has the property of disinfectant in the water. The absence of chlorine may cause the water to become a breeding ground for diseases.
13. Which of the following effects species present in water bodies and their activity?
a) Temperature
b) Dissolved gases
c) Aquatic life
d) Plankton
View Answer
Explanation: Temperature controls what species reside in water bodies and how they behave. If the temperature changes, for example, water is used for cooling equipment in plants and then returned, this significantly increases the temperature of the waterbody, and aquatic life may not be able to survive in such conditions.
14. Which of the following is a pesticide that causes severe water pollution?
a) Cadmium
b) Hexachlorobenzene
c) Acrylamide
d) Bromoform
View Answer
Explanation: All pesticides cause severe water pollution because they are harmful to human and aquatic life. Hexachlorobenzene is the only pesticide listed amongst the given options; others are known chemicals.
Sanfoundry Global Education & Learning Series – Pollution Control.
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