Automata Theory Questions and Answers – Pumping Lemma for Regular Language

This set of Automata Theory Multiple Choice Questions & Answers (MCQs) focuses on “Pumping Lemma for Regular Language”.

1. Relate the following statement:
Statement: All sufficiently long words in a regular language can have a middle section of words repeated a number of times to produce a new word which also lies within the same language.
a) Turing Machine
b) Pumping Lemma
c) Arden’s theorem
d) None of the mentioned
View Answer

Answer: b
Explanation: Pumping lemma defines an essential property for every regular language in automata theory. It has certain rules which decide whether a language is regular or not.

2. While applying Pumping lemma over a language, we consider a string w that belong to L and fragment it into _________ parts.
a) 2
b) 5
c) 3
d) 6
View Answer

Answer: c
Explanation: We select a string w such that w=xyz and |y|>0 and other conditions. However, there exists an integer n such that |w|>=n for any wÎL.

3. If we select a string w such that w∈L, and w=xyz. Which of the following portions cannot be an empty string?
a) x
b) y
c) z
d) all of the mentioned
View Answer

Answer: b
Explanation: The lemma says, the portion y in xyz cannot be zero or empty i.e. |y|>0, this condition needs to be fulfilled to check the conclusion condition.
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4. Let w= xyz and y refers to the middle portion and |y|>0.What do we call the process of repeating y 0 or more times before checking that they still belong to the language L or not?
a) Generating
b) Pumping
c) Producing
d) None of the mentioned
View Answer

Answer: b
Explanation: The process of repeatation is called pumping and so, pumping is the process we perform before we check whether the pumped string belongs to L or not.

5. There exists a language L. We define a string w such that w∈L and w=xyz and |w| >=n for some constant integer n.What can be the maximum length of the substring xy i.e. |xy|<=?
a) n
b) |y|
c) |x|
d) none of the mentioned
View Answer

Answer: a
Explanation: It is the first conditional statement of the lemma that states that |xy|<=n, i.e. the maximum length of the substring xy in w can be n only.
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6. Fill in the blank in terms of p, where p is the maximum string length in L.
Statement: Finite languages trivially satisfy the pumping lemma by having n = ______
a) p*1
b) p+1
c) p-1
d) None of the mentioned
View Answer

Answer: b
Explanation: Finite languages trivially satisfy the pumping lemma by having n equal to the maximum string length in l plus 1.

7. Answer in accordance to the third and last statement in pumping lemma:
For all _______ xyiz ∈L
a) i>0
b) i<0
c) i<=0
d) i>=0
View Answer

Answer: d
Explanation: Suppose L is a regular language . Then there is an integer n so that for any x∈L and |x|>=n, there are strings u,v,w so that
x= uvw
|uv|<=n
|v|>0
for any m>=0, uvmw ∈L.
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8. If d is a final state, which of the following is correct according to the given diagram?
x=p, y=qr, z=s is correct order according to the diagram if d is a final state
a) x=p, y=qr, z=s
b) x=p, z=qrs
c) x=pr, y=r, z=s
d) All of the mentioned
View Answer

Answer: a
Explanation: The FSA accepts the string pqrs. In terms of pumping lemma, the string pqrs is broken into an x portion an a, a y portion qr and a z portion s.

9. Let w be a string and fragmented by three variable x, y, and z as per pumping lemma. What does these variables represent?
a) string count
b) string
c) string count and string
d) none of the mentioned
View Answer

Answer: a
Explanation: Given: w =xyz. Here, xyz individually represents strings or rather substrings which we compute over conditions to check the regularity of the language.
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10. Which of the following one can relate to the given statement:
Statement: If n items are put into m containers, with n>m, then atleast one container must contain more than one item.
a) Pumping lemma
b) Pigeon Hole principle
c) Count principle
d) None of the mentioned
View Answer

Answer: b
Explanation: Pigeon hole principle states the following example: If there exists n=10 pigeons in m=9 holes, then since 10>9, the pigeonhole principle says that at least one hole has more than one pigeon.

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