Ternary Tree in C - Sanfoundry

This is a C Program to implement ternary tree. A ternary search tree is a special trie data structure where the child nodes of a standard trie are ordered as a binary search tree.
Representation of ternary search trees:
Unlike trie(standard) data structure where each node contains 26 pointers for its children, each node in a ternary search tree contains only 3 pointers:
1. The left pointer points to the node whose value is less than the value in the current node.
2. The equal pointer points to the node whose value is equal to the value in the current node.
3. The right pointer points to the node whose value is greater than the value in the current node.

Here is source code of the C Program to Implement Ternary Tree. The C program is successfully compiled and run on a Linux system. The program output is also shown below.

// C program to demonstrate Ternary Search Tree (TST) insert, travese

```
// and search operations
```
```
#include <stdio.h>
```
```
#include <stdlib.h>
```
```
#define MAX 50
```
```
 
```
```
// A node of ternary search tree
```
```
struct Node {
```
```
    char data;
```
```
 
```

    // True if this character is last character of one of the words

```
    unsigned isEndOfString :1;
```
```
 
```
```
    struct Node *left, *eq, *right;
```
```
};
```
```
 
```

// A utility function to create a new ternary search tree node

```
struct Node* newNode(char data) {
```

    struct Node* temp = (struct Node*) malloc(sizeof(struct Node));

```
    temp->data = data;
```
```
    temp->isEndOfString = 0;
```

    temp->left = temp->eq = temp->right = NULL;

```
    return temp;
```
```
}
```
```
 
```

// Function to insert a new word in a Ternary Search Tree

void insert(struct Node** root, char *word) {

```
    // Base Case: Tree is empty
```
```
    if (!(*root))
```
```
        *root = newNode(*word);
```
```
 
```

    // If current character of word is smaller than root's character,

    // then insert this word in left subtree of root

```
    if ((*word) < (*root)->data)
```
```
        insert(&((*root)->left), word);
```
```
 
```

    // If current character of word is greate than root's character,

    // then insert this word in right subtree of root

```
    else if ((*word) > (*root)->data)
```

        insert(&((*root)->right), word);

```
 
```

    // If current character of word is same as root's character,

```
    else {
```
```
        if (*(word + 1))
```

            insert(&((*root)->eq), word + 1);

```
 
```

        // the last character of the word

```
        else
```
```
            (*root)->isEndOfString = 1;
```
```
    }
```
```
}
```
```
 
```

// A recursive function to traverse Ternary Search Tree

void traverseTSTUtil(struct Node* root, char* buffer, int depth) {

```
    if (root) {
```

        // First traverse the left subtree

        traverseTSTUtil(root->left, buffer, depth);

```
 
```

        // Store the character of this node

```
        buffer[depth] = root->data;
```
```
        if (root->isEndOfString) {
```
```
            buffer[depth + 1] = '\0';
```
```
            printf("%s\n", buffer);
```
```
        }
```
```
 
```

        // Traverse the subtree using equal pointer (middle subtree)

        traverseTSTUtil(root->eq, buffer, depth + 1);

```
 
```

        // Finally Traverse the right subtree

        traverseTSTUtil(root->right, buffer, depth);

```
    }
```
```
}
```
```
 
```

// The main function to traverse a Ternary Search Tree.

```
// It mainly uses traverseTSTUtil()
```
```
void traverseTST(struct Node* root) {
```
```
    char buffer[MAX];
```
```
    traverseTSTUtil(root, buffer, 0);
```
```
}
```
```
 
```

// Function to search a given word in TST

int searchTST(struct Node *root, char *word) {

```
    if (!root)
```
```
        return 0;
```
```
 
```
```
    if (*word < (root)->data)
```

        return searchTST(root->left, word);

```
 
```
```
    else if (*word > (root)->data)
```

        return searchTST(root->right, word);

```
 
```
```
    else {
```
```
        if (*(word + 1) == '\0')
```
```
            return root->isEndOfString;
```
```
 
```

        return searchTST(root->eq, word + 1);

```
    }
```
```
}
```
```
 
```

// Driver program to test above functions

```
int main() {
```
```
    struct Node *root = NULL;
```
```
 
```
```
    insert(&root, "cat");
```
```
    insert(&root, "cats");
```
```
    insert(&root, "up");
```
```
    insert(&root, "bug");
```
```
 
```

    printf("Following is traversal of ternary search tree\n");

```
    traverseTST(root);
```
```
 
```

    printf("\nFollowing are search results for cats, bu and cat respectively\n");

    searchTST(root, "cats") ? printf("Found\n") : printf("Not Found\n");

    searchTST(root, "bu") ? printf("Found\n") : printf("Not Found\n");

    searchTST(root, "cat") ? printf("Found\n") : printf("Not Found\n");

```
 
```
```
    return 0;
```
```
}
```

Output:

$ gcc TernaryTree.c
$ ./a.out
 
Following is traversal of ternary search tree
bug
cat
cats
up
 
Following are search results for cats, bu and cat respectively
Found
Not Found
Found

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