Preorder Traversal of a Binary Tree using Recursion in C

This is a C Program to perform pre order traversal. Time Complexity: O(n)

Here is source code of the C Program to Perform Preorder Recursive Traversal of a Given Binary Tree. The C program is successfully compiled and run on a Linux system. The program output is also shown below.

```
#include <stdio.h>
```
```
#include <stdlib.h>
```
```
 
```

/* A binary tree node has data, pointer to left child

```
 and a pointer to right child */
```
```
struct node {
```
```
    int data;
```
```
    struct node* left;
```
```
    struct node* right;
```
```
};
```
```
 
```

/* Helper function that allocates a new node with the

 given data and NULL left and right pointers. */

```
struct node* newNode(int data) {
```

    struct node* node = (struct node*) malloc(sizeof(struct node));

```
    node->data = data;
```
```
    node->left = NULL;
```
```
    node->right = NULL;
```
```
 
```
```
    return (node);
```
```
}
```
```
 
```

/* Given a binary tree, print its nodes according to the

```
 "bottom-up" postorder traversal. */
```

void printPostorder(struct node* node) {

```
    if (node == NULL)
```
```
        return;
```
```
 
```
```
    // first recur on left subtree
```
```
    printPostorder(node->left);
```
```
 
```
```
    // then recur on right subtree
```
```
    printPostorder(node->right);
```
```
 
```
```
    // now deal with the node
```
```
    printf("%d ", node->data);
```
```
}
```
```
 
```

/* Given a binary tree, print its nodes in inorder*/

```
void printInorder(struct node* node) {
```
```
    if (node == NULL)
```
```
        return;
```
```
 
```
```
    /* first recur on left child */
```
```
    printInorder(node->left);
```
```
 
```
```
    /* then print the data of node */
```
```
    printf("%d ", node->data);
```
```
 
```
```
    /* now recur on right child */
```
```
    printInorder(node->right);
```
```
}
```
```
 
```

/* Given a binary tree, print its nodes in inorder*/

```
void printPreorder(struct node* node) {
```
```
    if (node == NULL)
```
```
        return;
```
```
 
```
```
    /* first print data of node */
```
```
    printf("%d ", node->data);
```
```
 
```
```
    /* then recur on left sutree */
```
```
    printPreorder(node->left);
```
```
 
```
```
    /* now recur on right subtree */
```
```
    printPreorder(node->right);
```
```
}
```
```
 
```

/* Driver program to test above functions*/

```
int main() {
```
```
    struct node *root = newNode(1);
```
```
    root->left = newNode(2);
```
```
    root->right = newNode(3);
```
```
    root->left->left = newNode(4);
```
```
    root->left->right = newNode(5);
```
```
 
```

    printf("\n Preorder traversal of binary tree is \n");

```
    printPreorder(root);
```
```
 
```

    printf("\n Inorder traversal of binary tree is \n");

```
    printInorder(root);
```
```
 
```

    printf("\n Postorder traversal of binary tree is \n");

```
    printPostorder(root);
```
```
 
```
```
    getchar();
```
```
    return 0;
```
```
}
```

Output:

$ gcc PreorderRecursive.c
$ ./a.out
 
 Preorder traversal of binary tree is 
1 2 4 5 3 
 Inorder traversal of binary tree is 
4 2 5 1 3 
 Postorder traversal of binary tree is 
4 5 2 3 1

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