This set of Agricultural Biotechnology Multiple Choice Questions & Answers (MCQs) focuses on “Agriculture – Genetic Engineering Techniques”.
1. Cloning technology generates a population of genetically dissimilar molecules.
a) True
b) False
View Answer
Explanation: A population of genetically identical molecules, cells, plants or animals. This is achieved by cloning technology. They can be produced by rooting small pieces of fully developed plants.
2. Which of the below words refer to clone?
a) Gene
b) Molecule
c) Protein
d) Enzyme
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Explanation: In molecular cloning, clone refers to a gene or DNA fragment. It also refers to the collection of cells or organisms, such as bacteria, containing the cloned piece of DNA.
3. Animal cloning requires cells specialized for reproduction.
a) True
b) False
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Explanation: In plants clones can be produced by rooting small pieces of fully developed plants. It is not the same in animals. For cloning of animals, either eggs or embryonic cells at the very earliest stages of development are required.
4. In which year was the first sheep cloned?
a) 1996
b) 1997
c) 1998
d) 1999
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Explanation: The first sheep that was cloned was named as Dolly. This brought animal technology into spotlight. Biologists first cloned animals in the year 1952.
5. Which animal was first cloned?
a) Fish
b) Frog
c) Sheep
d) Cow
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Explanation: The genetic material from the nucleus of the frog embryonic cells was considered. This was transferred to the frog eggs. This then developed into genetically identical tadpoles.
6. In which year was the cattle cloned using nuclear transfer techniques?
a) 1975
b) 1985
c) 1995
d) 2000
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Explanation: Hundreds of cattle, sheep and swine embryos are produced that have been carried to term by surrogate females. Embryo twinning is another cloning technology. It improves livestock herds.
7. How many types of basic cloning are present?
a) 1
b) 2
c) 3
d) 4
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Explanation: The basic types of cloning are molecular cloning, cellular cloning and animal cloning. Cellular cloning is a fundamental and an essential tool. Animal cloning has helped to incorporate improvements in livestock herds.
8. Which type of cloning is related to monoclonal antibody technology?
a) Cellular cloning
b) Molecular cloning
c) Animal cloning
d) Plant cloning
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Explanation: Cellular cloning has helped in development and commercialization. It has led to the regeneration of transgenic plants from single cells. It has also helped in pharmaceutical manufacturing.
9. Which was the rare breed of animal cloned in 1998?
a) Frog
b) Cow
c) Sheep
d) Goat
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Explanation: Using animal cloning a rare breed of cow was cloned. Animal cloning also helps in saving endangered species. Genetic diseases can be studied using the same technology.
10. In ________, single genes whose function is known is moved from one organism to another.
a) selective breeding
b) genetic modification
c) tissue culture
d) gene isolation
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Explanation: In selective breeding, large sets of genes of unknown function are transferred. If manipulations are more precise, out-comes are more certain. Thus the resulting organisms with unexpected traits are decreased.
11. What is the full form of QTL?
a) Qualitative trait loci
b) Quantitative trait loci
c) Qualitative trend loci
d) Quantitative trend loci
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Explanation: The utilization of molecular markers could also identify important QTL. It comes under the marker-assisted selection. Molecular markers and genome mapping are considered to find wide range of applications.
12. What is the ratio of DNA in wheat cell and human cell?
a) 5:1
b) 8:1
c) 10:1
d) 12:1
View Answer
Explanation: Crops like canola have simple genomes. This means it is easier for scientists to develop markers for specific traits and produce genetic maps. Crops like wheat have complicated genomes.
13. What is the number of tomato markers known in 1990?
a) 500
b) 700
c) 826
d) 1000
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Explanation: In the breeding programmes of tomatoes, peas, cabbages, melons, potatoes, etc. molecular markers and genome mapping can be used. It will be possible to increase the speed and incorporate efficiency using these methods.
14. What is the number of markers used in the successful study of Tanksley et al.?
a) 10
b) 12
c) 14
d) 15
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Explanation: Tanksley et al. (1981) showed that only with 12 markers, one on each chromosome, the composition of the recurrent parent genome is similar to that observed in the absence of selection after the third backcross two years later.
15. What is the part of biotechnology used to produce superior enzymes?
a) Cellular cloning
b) Protein engineering
c) Cell culture technology
d) Tissue culture technology
View Answer
Explanation: Through protein engineering superior enzymes and storage proteins can be produced. A synthetic gene is firstly prepared. Later a desired protein is produced in a predictable manner.
Sanfoundry Global Education & Learning Series – Agricultural Biotechnology
To practice all areas of Agricultural Biotechnology, here is complete set of 1000+ Multiple Choice Questions and Answers.
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