Python Program to Find Minimum Spanning Tree using Kruskal’s Algorithm

class Graph:
    def __init__(self):
        # dictionary containing keys that map to the corresponding vertex object
        self.vertices = {}
 
    def add_vertex(self, key):
        """Add a vertex with the given key to the graph."""
        vertex = Vertex(key)
        self.vertices[key] = vertex
 
    def get_vertex(self, key):
        """Return vertex object with the corresponding key."""
        return self.vertices[key]
 
    def __contains__(self, key):
        return key in self.vertices
 
    def add_edge(self, src_key, dest_key, weight=1):
        """Add edge from src_key to dest_key with given weight."""
        self.vertices[src_key].add_neighbour(self.vertices[dest_key], weight)
 
    def does_vertex_exist(self, key):
        return key in self.vertices
 
    def does_edge_exist(self, src_key, dest_key):
        """Return True if there is an edge from src_key to dest_key."""
        return self.vertices[src_key].does_it_point_to(self.vertices[dest_key])
 
    def display(self):
        print('Vertices: ', end='')
        for v in self:
            print(v.get_key(), end=' ')
        print()
 
        print('Edges: ')
        for v in self:
            for dest in v.get_neighbours():
                w = v.get_weight(dest)
                print('(src={}, dest={}, weight={}) '.format(v.get_key(),
                                                             dest.get_key(), w))
 
    def __len__(self):
        return len(self.vertices)
 
    def __iter__(self):
        return iter(self.vertices.values())
 
 
class Vertex:
    def __init__(self, key):
        self.key = key
        self.points_to = {}
 
    def get_key(self):
        """Return key corresponding to this vertex object."""
        return self.key
 
    def add_neighbour(self, dest, weight):
        """Make this vertex point to dest with given edge weight."""
        self.points_to[dest] = weight
 
    def get_neighbours(self):
        """Return all vertices pointed to by this vertex."""
        return self.points_to.keys()
 
    def get_weight(self, dest):
        """Get weight of edge from this vertex to dest."""
        return self.points_to[dest]
 
    def does_it_point_to(self, dest):
        """Return True if this vertex points to dest."""
        return dest in self.points_to
 
 
def mst_krusal(g):
    """Return a minimum cost spanning tree of the connected graph g."""
    mst = Graph() # create new Graph object to hold the MST
 
    if len(g) == 1:
        u = next(iter(g)) # get the single vertex
        mst.add_vertex(u.get_key()) # add a copy of it to mst
        return mst
 
    # get all the edges in a list
    edges = []
    for v in g:
        for n in v.get_neighbours():
            # avoid adding two edges for each edge of the undirected graph
            if v.get_key() < n.get_key():
                edges.append((v, n))
 
    # sort edges
    edges.sort(key=lambda edge: edge[0].get_weight(edge[1]))
 
    # initially, each vertex is in its own component
    component = {}
    for i, v in enumerate(g):
        component[v] = i
 
    # next edge to try
    edge_index = 0
 
    # loop until mst has the same number of vertices as g
    while len(mst) < len(g):
        u, v = edges[edge_index]
        edge_index += 1
 
        # if adding edge (u, v) will not form a cycle
        if component[u] != component[v]:
 
            # add to mst
            if not mst.does_vertex_exist(u.get_key()):
                mst.add_vertex(u.get_key())
            if not mst.does_vertex_exist(v.get_key()):
                mst.add_vertex(v.get_key())
            mst.add_edge(u.get_key(), v.get_key(), u.get_weight(v))
            mst.add_edge(v.get_key(), u.get_key(), u.get_weight(v))
 
            # merge components of u and v
            for w in g:
                if component[w] == component[v]:
                    component[w] = component[u]
 
    return mst
 
 
g = Graph()
print('Undirected Graph')
print('Menu')
print('add vertex <key>')
print('add edge <src> <dest> <weight>')
print('mst')
print('display')
print('quit')
 
while True:
    do = input('What would you like to do? ').split()
 
    operation = do[0]
    if operation == 'add':
        suboperation = do[1]
        if suboperation == 'vertex':
            key = int(do[2])
            if key not in g:
                g.add_vertex(key)
            else:
                print('Vertex already exists.')
        elif suboperation == 'edge':
            src = int(do[2])
            dest = int(do[3])
            weight = int(do[4])
            if src not in g:
                print('Vertex {} does not exist.'.format(src))
            elif dest not in g:
                print('Vertex {} does not exist.'.format(dest))
            else:
                if not g.does_edge_exist(src, dest):
                    g.add_edge(src, dest, weight)
                    g.add_edge(dest, src, weight)
                else:
                    print('Edge already exists.')
 
    elif operation == 'mst':
        mst = mst_krusal(g)
        print('Minimum Spanning Tree:')
        mst.display()
        print()
 
    elif operation == 'display':
        g.display()
        print()
 
    elif operation == 'quit':
        break