Python Program to Count the Number of Nodes in Binary Tree

This is a Python program to find the number of nodes in a binary tree.

Problem Description

The program creates a binary tree and counts the number of nodes in the tree.

Problem Solution

1. Create a class BinaryTree with instance variables key, left and right.
2. Define methods set_root, insert_left, insert_right, inorder and search.
3. The method set_root takes a key as argument and sets the variable key equal to it.
4. The methods insert_left and insert_right insert a node as the left and right child respectively.
5. The method inorder displays the inorder traversal.
6. The method search returns a node with a specified key.
7. Define the function count_nodes which takes a binary tree as argument.
8. The recursive function count_nodes returns the number of nodes in the binary tree.

Program/Source Code

Here is the source code of a Python program to count the number of nodes in a binary tree. The program output is shown below.

class BinaryTree:
    def __init__(self, key=None):
        self.key = key
        self.left = None
        self.right = None
 
    def set_root(self, key):
        self.key = key
 
    def inorder(self):
        if self.left is not None:
            self.left.inorder()
        print(self.key, end=' ')
        if self.right is not None:
            self.right.inorder()
 
    def insert_left(self, new_node):
        self.left = new_node
 
    def insert_right(self, new_node):
        self.right = new_node
 
    def search(self, key):
        if self.key == key:
            return self
        if self.left is not None:
            temp =  self.left.search(key)
            if temp is not None:
                return temp
        if self.right is not None:
            temp =  self.right.search(key)
            return temp
        return None
 
 
def count_nodes(node):
    if node is None:
        return 0
    return 1 + count_nodes(node.left) + count_nodes(node.right)
 
 
btree = None
 
print('Menu (this assumes no duplicate keys)')
print('insert <data> at root')
print('insert <data> left of <data>')
print('insert <data> right of <data>')
print('count')
print('quit')
 
while True:
    print('inorder traversal of binary tree: ', end='')
    if btree is not None:
        btree.inorder()
    print()
 
    do = input('What would you like to do? ').split()
 
    operation = do[0].strip().lower()
    if operation == 'insert':
        data = int(do[1])
        new_node = BinaryTree(data)
        suboperation = do[2].strip().lower() 
        if suboperation == 'at':
                btree = new_node
        else:
            position = do[4].strip().lower()
            key = int(position)
            ref_node = None
            if btree is not None:
                ref_node = btree.search(key)
            if ref_node is None:
                print('No such key.')
                continue
            if suboperation == 'left':
                ref_node.insert_left(new_node)
            elif suboperation == 'right':
                ref_node.insert_right(new_node)
 
    elif operation == 'count':
        print('Number of nodes in tree: {}'.format(count_nodes(btree)))
 
    elif operation == 'quit':
        break
Program Explanation

1. A variable is created to store the binary tree.
2. The user is presented with a menu to perform operations on the tree.
3. The corresponding methods are called to perform each operation.
4. The function count_nodes is called to count the number of nodes in the binary tree.

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Runtime Test Cases
Case 1:
Menu (this assumes no duplicate keys)
insert <data> at root
insert <data> left of <data>
insert <data> right of <data>
count
quit
inorder traversal of binary tree: 
What would you like to do? insert 1 at root
inorder traversal of binary tree: 1 
What would you like to do? insert 2 left of 1
inorder traversal of binary tree: 2 1 
What would you like to do? insert 3 right of 1
inorder traversal of binary tree: 2 1 3 
What would you like to do? insert 4 right of 2
inorder traversal of binary tree: 2 4 1 3 
What would you like to do? count
Number of nodes in tree: 4
inorder traversal of binary tree: 2 4 1 3 
What would you like to do? quit
 
Case 2:
Menu (this assumes no duplicate keys)
insert <data> at root
insert <data> left of <data>
insert <data> right of <data>
count
quit
inorder traversal of binary tree: 
What would you like to do? count
Number of nodes in tree: 0
inorder traversal of binary tree: 
What would you like to do? insert 1 at root
inorder traversal of binary tree: 1 
What would you like to do? count
Number of nodes in tree: 1
inorder traversal of binary tree: 1 
What would you like to do? insert 2 right of 1
inorder traversal of binary tree: 1 2 
What would you like to do? count
Number of nodes in tree: 2
inorder traversal of binary tree: 1 2 
What would you like to do? quit

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