This set of FACTS Multiple Choice Questions & Answers (MCQs) focuses on “Combined Compensators – IPFC”.
1. IPFC is an acronym for ________
a) Interline Power Flow Controller
b) Integrated Power Factor Controller
c) Inductive Power Factor Controller
d) Interconnected Power Flow Controller
View Answer
Explanation: IPFC is an acronym for Interline Power Flow Controller. It employs the combination of two or more Static Synchronous Series Compensators coupled through a dc link. It thus facilitates the flow of real power in bi-directional way between the ac terminals of the SSSCs employed.
2. IPFC is an example of VIT FACTS controller.
a) True
b) False
View Answer
Explanation: IPFC is an example of voltage source FACTS controller. It is not a variable impedance type FACTS controller. IPFC is a combined series combination.
3. IPFC is basically a unified ________ FACTS controller.
a) series-series
b) shunt-series
c) shunt
d) series
View Answer
Explanation: IPFC is basically a unified series-series FACTS controller. Here the series controllers are separately connected to each line of a multiline transmission network and they are connected via the power dc link. Hence the ‘combined series-series compensation’ is employed by an IPFC.
4. The IPFC structure may include a STATCOM.
a) True
b) False
View Answer
Explanation: The IPFC structure may include a STATCOM. However, it is coupled to the IFFC’s common dc link. This is done to offer shunt reactive compensation and deliver or suck up the overall real power shortfall of the SSSCs combination.
5. Combined SSSCs in IPFC are controlled to offer independent reactive compensation.
a) True
b) False
View Answer
Explanation: Combined SSSCs in IPFC are controlled to offer independent reactive compensation. This is done to adjust real power flow in each line. Thus it maintains the desired distribution of reactive power flow among the lines.
6. IPFC exhibits reactive power control.
a) True
b) False
View Answer
Explanation: IPFC exhibits reactive power control. IPFC employs Voltage Sourced Converter as its building block. However, unlike UPFC, IPFC is NOT a combined series shunt FACTS controller.
7. IPFC exhibits voltage control.
a) True
b) False
View Answer
Explanation: IPFC exhibits voltage control. However, IPFC cannot support proper load balancing of transmission lines independently. To achieve this, the IPFC scheme must operate with independently controllable reactive series compensation for each individual line in the transmission network.
8. IPFC exhibits damping oscillations.
a) True
b) False
View Answer
Explanation: IPFC exhibits damping oscillations. The ratio of reactive to resistive line impedance, especially when very low, poses a problem to IPFC. The employed compensating converters in IPFC scheme are linked together at their dc terminals.
9. IPFC exhibits transient and dynamic stability.
a) True
b) False
View Answer
Explanation: IPFC exhibits transient and dynamic stability. The IPFC houses a number of Static Synchronous Series Compensators. It takes care for compensation of each transmission line individually.
10. IPFC exhibits voltage stability.
a) True
b) False
View Answer
Explanation: IPFC exhibits voltage stability. IPFC employs series capacitive compensation. Its compensation is based on SSSC principle or fixed thyristor-controlled directive.
11. IPFC facilitates the independent control of both the real and reactive power flow in transmission lines.
a) True
b) False
View Answer
Explanation: IPFC does not facilitate the independent control of both the real and reactive power flow in transmission lines. UPFC does facilitate the independent control of both the real and reactive power flow in transmission lines. IPFC addresses the crisis of compensating a number of transmission lines by increasing the transmittable real power over a given line. It is unable to control the reactive power flow.
12. Proper load balancing of transmission lines is always achieved by IPFC working independently.
a) True
b) False
View Answer
Explanation: Proper load balancing of transmission lines is NOT achieved by IPFC working independently. This problem becomes more apparent in those instances where the ratio of reactive to resistive line impedance (X/R) is relatively low. The IPFC scheme when works together with independently controllable reactive series compensation of each transmission line effectively manifests the overall compensating system for dynamic disturbances.
13. IPFC employs ________ for series compensation of transmission lines.
a) a number of dc-to-ac converters
b) a number of dc-to-dc converters
c) a number of ac-to-ac converters
d) only one dc-to-ac converter
View Answer
Explanation: IPFC employs a number of dc-to-ac converters for series compensation of transmission lines. Actually each transmission line is connected to a dc-to-ac converter in this scheme. Thus series compensation for each transmission line is achieved.
14. In IPFC overall surplus power can be made available from the underutilized lines to the other lines for real power compensation.
a) True
b) False
View Answer
Explanation: In IPFC overall surplus power can be made available from the underutilized lines to the other lines for real power compensation. This is achieved as the compensating converters are linked together at their dc terminals. Thus any converter can control flow of real power through its common dc link to transmission line.
15. EMTP stands for ________
a) Electro-magnetic Transients Program
b) Electro-mechanical Transients Program
c) Electro-magnetic Transient Positive terminal
d) Electro-dynamic Transients Program
View Answer
Explanation: EMTP stands for Electro-magnetic Transients Program. It is name of a simulation package. EMTP finds use in the simulation of operation of the IPFC.
Sanfoundry Global Education & Learning Series – Flexible AC Transmission System (FACTS).
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