Here are 1000 MCQs on FACTS (Chapterwise).
1. What is the full form of FACTS in the context of power systems?
a) Flexible Alternating Current Transmission Systems
b) Functional Automatic Circuit Transfer System
c) Frequency-Activated Control Transfer Scheme
d) Flexible AC Transmission Systems
View Answer
Explanation: FACTS stands for Flexible AC Transmission Systems, referring to a set of devices and systems utilized in power transmission networks to enhance control, stability, and efficiency in alternating current (AC) systems.
2. What is the primary function of a Static Var Compensator (SVC) in a Flexible AC Transmission System (FACTS)?
a) Regulates active power
b) Controls reactive power
c) Adjusts frequency
d) Monitors voltage stability
View Answer
Explanation: An SVC in a FACTS system primarily manages reactive power flow to stabilize voltage levels in the network.
3. What components make up the UPFC, an interconnected FACTS device?
a) SVC and SSSC
b) STATCOM and TCSC
c) STATCOM and SSSC
d) STATCOM and SVC
View Answer
Explanation: UPFC is an interconnected FACTS device, consisting of STATCOM and SSSC. Hence it constitutes of two voltage sourced converters. These back-to-back connected converters are operated through a common dc link.
4. A FACTS Converter is a single-element device.
a) True
b) False
View Answer
Explanation: A FACTS Converter is NEVER a single-element device. A converter structure may be considered as an assembly of valves connected with other equipments. Again each valve consists of a group of assembled power devices. These power devices, in turn, require snubber circuits and drive circuits for their proper functioning.
5. Which FACTS device primarily functions to dampen power system oscillations and enhance transient stability?
a) Interline Power Flow Controller (IPFC)
b) Thyristor-Controlled Series Reactor (TCSR)
c) Static Synchronous Series Compensator (SSSC)
d) Static Compensated Series Reactor (SCSR)
View Answer
Explanation: The SSSC is used to dampen system oscillations and improve transient stability by controlling power flow.
6. What are the assemblies of AC switches employed in FACTS controllers made of?
a) decoupled power devices
b) unconnected power devices
c) loosely connected power devices
d) back-to-back connected power devices
View Answer
Explanation: The ac switches employed in FACTS controllers are assemblies of back-to-back connected power devices. Along with them are present the requisite snubber circuits for the power devices and essential gate drive circuits, as designed. The turning-on and turning-off capabilities of the chosen gate drives play a vital role in the functioning of the FACTS controllers.
7. In FACTS, how is the insertion transformer connected?
a) reduces harmonics
b) helps in short circuit protection
c) increases the output voltage
d) provides storage
View Answer
Explanation: Insertion transformer connected in FACTS increases the output voltage. Basically it is connected between the output of the converter and the transmission line. So it increases the output voltage of the converter to feed the transmission line with the desired voltage value.
8. Which of the following FACTS device has the capability to turn on and off upon command?
a) GCSC
b) TCSC
c) Neither GCSC nor TCSC
d) Either GCSC or TCSC
View Answer
Explanation: Among the given FACTS devices, GCSC has the capability to turn on and off upon command. This is because GTOs are incorporated in GCSC while conventional thyristors are employed in TCSC. By its inherent property, GTO gives the flexibility of switching on or off the required capacitor by turning on or off its gate as per the command.
9. What is used to achieve fast and unrestricted thyristor control in FACTS?
a) Off-load tap changer can be
b) On-load tap changer can be
c) Off-load tap changer cannot be
d) On-load tap changer cannot be
View Answer
Explanation: On-load tap changer can be used to accomplish fast and unrestricted thyristor control in FACTS. The regulating transformer employed in this concept can do the insertion of voltage from its appropriate taps. Also converters can be aptly configured to offer the desired voltage injection to compensate for the required unit. Thus voltage and phase angle regulation can be achieved in FACTS.
10. Which of the following FACTS devices consists of a resistor?
a) TCPST
b) TCVR
c) TCVL
d) TCBR
View Answer
Explanation: TCBR consists of a resistor which is thyristor switched. TCVL contains a variable resistor (varistor) made of metal-oxide. Transformer is present in both TCVR and TCPST.
11. Which of the following has the highest influence on voltage control?
a) TCSC
b) SVC
c) SSSC
d) TCPAR
View Answer
Explanation: Of the given options, SVC has the highest influence on voltage control. TCPAR shows an average influence on voltage control. Both TCSC and SSSC have the least influence on voltage control.
12. What type of FACTS controller does the IPFC represent as a unified system?
a) shunt
b) series
c) series-series
d) shunt-series
View Answer
Explanation: IPFC is basically a unified series-series FACTS controller. Here the series controllers are separately connected to each line of a multiline transmission network and they are connected via the power dc link. Hence the ‘combined series-series compensation’ is employed by an IPFC.
13. How does the application of power electronics feature in the transmission domain of electrical power systems?
a) HVDC and FACTS
b) Only FACTS
c) Only HVDC
d) AC
View Answer
Explanation: In the transmission arena of electrical power system, application of power electronics comprises of High-Voltage Direct Current (HVDC) power transmission and Flexible AC Transmission System (FACTS). HVDC involves conversion of ac to dc at one end and conversion of dc to ac at the other end; in the range of a hundred megawatts to a few thousand megawatts. ‘FACTS’ employs conversion and/or switching power electronics, in the range of a few tens to a few hundred megawatts.
14. While enhancing the system stability of an ac transmission system of mesh network, a FACT controller can be a thyristor-controlled ________
a) series inductor
b) series capacitor
c) phase angle -regulator
d) series inductor or a series capacitor or a phase angle -regulator
View Answer
Explanation: To enhance the system stability of an ac transmission system of mesh network, a FACT controller can be a thyristor-contolled series inductor or a series capacitor or a phase angle –regulator. A series capacitor added to a line in a mesh network helps to remove overload from the other overloaded line. A series inductor added to a line in a mesh network helps to remove overload from the same overloaded line to which it is connected.
15. In the voltage/current-sourced FACTS controller, the ac input current/voltage varies in magnitude and also in any phase relationship to the system current/voltage.
a) current, current, current
b) voltage, voltage, current
c) voltage, voltage, voltage
d) voltage, current, voltage
View Answer
Explanation: In the voltage-sourced FACTS controller, the ac input voltage varies in magnitude and also in any phase relationship to the system current. Whereas, in the current-sourced FACTS controller, the ac input current varies in magnitude and also in any phase relationship to the system voltage. From overall economic point of view, the voltage-sourced converters seem to be preferred in FACTS technology.
Chapterwise Multiple Choice Questions on FACTS
- AC Transmission System – Conventional & Flexible
- FACTS Devices
- FACTS – Power Semiconductor Devices – 1
- FACTS – Power Semiconductor Devices – 2
- Shunt Compensation in FACTS
- Voltage and Phase Angle Regulation in FACTS
- Combined Compensators in FACTS
- Special Purpose FACTS Controllers
1. AC Transmission System – Conventional & Flexible
The section contains multiple choice questions and answers on AC transmission interconnections, power flow in AC power systems, compensation techniques, AC transmission system stability factors, and controllable parameters.
2. FACTS Devices
The section contains questions and answers on FACTS devices, FACTS controllers, and their functions.
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3. FACTS – Power Semiconductor Devices – 1
The section contains MCQs on power electronic device types, characteristics, and requirements, diode PN junctions and transistors, as well as semiconductor devices such as thyristors, GTOs, MTOs, IGCTs, IGBTs, and MCTs.
4. FACTS – Power Semiconductor Devices – 2
The section contains multiple choice questions and answers on voltage and current sourced converters, thyristor converters, single phase and three phase bridge converters, and the comparison between current-sourced and voltage-sourced converters.
5. Shunt Compensation in FACTS
The section contains questions and answers on STATCOM, SVC, GCSC, TSSC, TCSC, switching converter-type series compensators, SSSC, and series reactive compensators.
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6. Voltage and Phase Angle Regulation in FACTS
The section contains MCQs on TCVR, static voltage, thyristor controlled voltage and phase angle regulators.
7. Combined Compensators in FACTS
The section contains multiple choice questions and answers on upfc, ipfc, and multifunctional facts controllers.
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8. Special Purpose FACTS Controllers
The section contains questions and answers on FACTS controllers such as tcbr and ngh-ssr damping scheme.
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Wish you the best in your endeavor to learn and master Flexible AC Transmission System (FACTS)!
If you find a mistake in question / option / answer, kindly take a screenshot and email to [email protected]
