Database Questions and Answers – Functional-Dependency Theory

This set of Database Multiple Choice Questions & Answers (MCQs) focuses on “Functional-Dependency Theory”.

1. We can use the following three rules to find logically implied functional dependencies. This collection of rules is called
a) Axioms
b) Armstrong’s axioms
c) Armstrong
d) Closure
View Answer

Answer: b
Explanation: By applying these rules repeatedly, we can find all of F+, given F.

2. Which of the following is not Armstrong’s Axiom?
a) Reflexivity rule
b) Transitivity rule
c) Pseudotransitivity rule
d) Augmentation rule
View Answer

Answer: c
Explanation: It is possible to use Armstrong’s axioms to prove that Pseudotransitivity rule is sound.

3. The relation employee(ID,name,street,Credit,street,city,salary) is decomposed into

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employee1 (ID, name)
employee2 (name, street, city, salary)

This type of decomposition is called
a) Lossless decomposition
b) Lossless-join decomposition
c) All of the mentioned
d) None of the mentioned
View Answer

Answer: d
Explanation: Lossy-join decomposition is the decomposition used here .
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4. Inst_dept (ID, name, salary, dept name, building, budget) is decomposed into

instructor (ID, name, dept name, salary)
department (dept name, building, budget)

This comes under
a) Lossy-join decomposition
b) Lossy decomposition
c) Lossless-join decomposition
d) Both Lossy and Lossy-join decomposition
View Answer

Answer: d
Explanation: Lossy-join decomposition is the decomposition used here .
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5. There are two functional dependencies with the same set of attributes on the left side of the arrow:
A->BC
A->B
This can be combined as
a) A->BC
b) A->B
c) B->C
d) None of the mentioned
View Answer

Answer: a
Explanation: This can be computed as the canonical cover.
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6. Consider a relation R(A,B,C,D,E) with the following functional dependencies:

ABC -> DE and
D -> AB

The number of superkeys of R is:
a) 2
b) 7
c) 10
d) 12
View Answer

Answer: c
Explanation: A superkey is a combination of columns that uniquely identifies any row within a relational database management system (RDBMS) table.

7. Suppose we wish to find the ID’s of the employees that are managed by people who are managed by the employee with ID 123. Here are two possible queries:

I.SELECT ee.empID
  FROM Emps ee, Emps ff
  WHERE ee.mgrID = ff.empID AND ff.mgrID = 123;
II.SELECT empID
  FROM Emps 
  WHERE mgrID IN
  (SELECT empID FROM Emps WHERE mgrID = 123);

Which, if any, of the two queries above will correctly (in SQL2) get the desired set of employee ID’s?
a) Both I and II
b) I only
c) II only
d) Neither I nor I
View Answer

Answer: a
Explanation: The query can be satisfied by any of the two options.

8. Suppose relation R(A,B) currently has tuples {(1,2), (1,3), (3,4)} and relation S(B,C) currently has {(2,5), (4,6), (7,8)}. Then the number of tuples in the result of the SQL query:

<i>SELECT *
	FROM R NATURAL OUTER JOIN S; </i>IS:

a) 2
b) 4
c) 6
d) None of the mentioned
View Answer

Answer: a
Explanation: The SQL NATURAL JOIN is a type of EQUI JOIN and is structured in such a way that, columns with same name of associate tables will appear once only.

9. Suppose now that R(A,B) and S(A,B) are two relations with r and s tuples, respectively (again, not necessarily distinct). If m is the number of (not necessarily distinct) tuples in the result of the SQL query:

	R intersect S;

Then which of the following is the most restrictive, correct condition on the value of m?
a) m = min(r,s)
b) 0 <= m <= r + s
c) min(r,s) <= m <= max(r,s)
d) 0 <= m <= min(r,s)
View Answer

Answer: d
Explanation: The value of m must lie between the min value of r and s and 0.

10. Suppose relation R(A,B,C,D,E) has the following functional dependencies:

A -> B
B -> C
BC -> A
A -> D
E -> A
D -> E

Which of the following is not a key?
a) A
b) E
c) B, C
d) D
View Answer

Answer: c
Explanation: Here the keys are not formed by B and C.

Sanfoundry Global Education & Learning Series – Database Management System.

If you find a mistake in question / option / answer, kindly take a screenshot and email to [email protected]

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Manish Bhojasia, a technology veteran with 20+ years @ Cisco & Wipro, is Founder and CTO at Sanfoundry. He lives in Bangalore, and focuses on development of Linux Kernel, SAN Technologies, Advanced C, Data Structures & Alogrithms. Stay connected with him at LinkedIn.

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