This set of Video Engineering Multiple Choice Questions & Answers (MCQs) focuses on “Video Compression Formats – MPEG-X and H.26X Format”.
1. The eye can detect flicker at rates of up to 75 flashes per second.
a) True
b) False
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Explanation: Flashing images at frame rate of 24 to 30 per second would produce a flicker. The eye can detect flicker at rates of up to about 75 flashes per second. Sensitivity to flicker increases in bright light, toward the blue end of the spectrum, and in peripheral vision away from the fovea where visual acuity is sharpest.
2. In still images, the eye is attracted to regions of high contrast and jumps from word to word.
a) True
b) False
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Explanation: The above statement is false. In still images, the eye is attracted to regions of high contrast such as edges or corners, and to areas of interest such as faces. In text, the eye jumps from word to word. This requires the entire image to be displayed in fine detail.
3. Which of the following format of video compression was used for efficient coding of video sequence?
a) MPEG – 1
b) MPEG – 2
c) MPEG – 3
d) MPEG – 4
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Explanation: The first public standard of the MPEG committee was the MPEG – 1 by ISO. MPEG – 1 video compression is based upon the same technique that is used in JPEG. In addition to that, it also includes techniques for efficient coding of a video sequence.
4. In which of the following format of video compression DVD movies are compressed?
a) MPEG – 3
b) MPEG – 1
c) MPEG – 4
d) MPEG – 2
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Explanation: The MPEG – 2 project focus on extending the compression technique of MPEG – 1 to cover larger pictures and higher quality at the expense of a higher bandwidth usage. MPEG – 2 also provide more advanced techniques to enhance the video quality at the same bit rate. The expense is the need for far more complex equipment. As a note, DVD movies are compressed using the techniques of MPEG – 2.
5. Which of the following format of video compression was used to handle HDTV?
a) MPEG – 1
b) MPEG – 4
c) MPEG – 2
d) MPEG – 3
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Explanation: The next version of the MPEG standard, MPEG – 3 was designed to handle HDTV, however, it was discovered that the MPEG – 2 standards could be slightly modified and then achieve the same results as the planned MPEG – 3 standards. Consequently, the work on MPEG – 3 was discontinued.
6. Which of the following format of video compression is used to handle lower bandwidth consuming application?
a) MPEG – 1
b) MPEG – 2
c) MPEG – 3
d) MPEG – 4
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Explanation: The next generation of MPEG, MPEG – 4, is based upon the same technique as MPEG – 1 and MPEG – 2. Once again, the new standard focused on new applications. The most important new feature of MPEG – 4 is that it is used to handle lower bandwidth consuming application in mobile devices like cell phone.
7. Which of the following frame is self-contained and has no dependency outside the image?
a) I – frame
b) B – frame
c) D – frame
d) P – frame
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Explanation: Basic principle for video compression is the image to image prediction. The first image is called an I-frame and is self-contained, having no dependency outside of that image. The frames P and B may use part of the first image as a reference.
8. What is the full form of GOP?
a) Gigabyte of Pictures
b) Generation of Photos
c) Group of Pictures
d) Generation of Pictures
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Explanation: One parameter that can be adjusted in MPEG – 4 is the Group of Pictures (GOP) length and structure, also referred to as a group of video (GOV) in some MPEG standards. It is normally repeated in a fixed pattern for example:
GOV = 4, e.g. IPPP IPPP…
The appropriate GOP depends on the application.
9. Which video compression format does iPhones do not support?
a) MPEG – 1
b) MPEG – 3
c) MPEG – 2
d) MKV
View Answer
Explanation: MP4 is a container for MPEG – 4 video. There are other containers, like MKV, which also can have MPEG – 4 video files in them. When devices, like iPhone, do not support MKV (MPEG – 4), one can convert MKV to MP4/MPEG4. iPhones only support .mp4, .mov and .m4v videos.
10. Which of the following is the first member of H.26x family of video coding standards?
a) H.264
b) H.262
c) H.263
d) H.261
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Explanation: H.261 is an ITU-T video compression standard. It is the first member of H.26x family of video coding standards in the domain of ITU – T (International Telecommunication Union – Telecommunication Section) Video Coding Expert Group (VCEG), and was the first video codec that was useful in practical terms.
11. Which of the following format of video compression is not optimized for low bit rates?
a) H.263
b) H.261
c) H.262
d) H.264
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Explanation: H.262 video is not optimized for low bit-rates (less than 1 Mbit/s), but outperforms MPEG-1 at 3 Mbit/s and above. All standards-conforming H.262 video decoders are fully capable of playing back H.261 video streams. H.262 video is similar to H.261, but also provides supports for interlaced video.
12. Which of the following format of video compression standard was first designed to be utilized in PSTN and circuit-switched network video conferencing and video telephony systems?
a) H.263
b) H.261
c) H.262
d) H.264
View Answer
Explanation: The H.263 standard was first designed to be utilized in H.324 based systems (PSTN – Public Switched Telephone Network) and other circuit-switched network video conferencing and video telephony), but it is also found in H.323, H.320 and SIP (Session Initiation Protocol) (IP – based video conferencing) solutions.
13. Which of the following format of video compression is the latest generation standard for video encoding?
a) H.263
b) H.261
c) H.262
d) H.264
View Answer
Explanation: H.264 is the latest generation standard for video encoding. It provides good video quality at substantially lower bit rates than previous standards and with better error robustness or better video quality at an unchanged bit rate. Telecom services, streaming services, satellite, cable and DVD are applications of H.264.
14. Which multimedia standard associates the description with the content itself to allow fast and efficient searching?
a) MPEG-7
b) MPEG-4
c) MPEG-2
d) MPEG-3
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Explanation: MPEG-7 does not deal with the actual encoding of moving pictures and audio. It is a different kind of standard as it is a multimedia content description standard. The content of the video is described and associated with the content itself in MPEG-7.
15. Which multimedia standard defines means of sharing digital rights, permissions and restrictions for digital content?
a) MPEG-7
b) MPEG-21
c) MPEG-1
d) MPEG-3
View Answer
Explanation: MPEG-21 is a standard that defines means of sharing digital rights, permissions and restrictions for digital content. MPEG-21is an XML based standard, and is developed to counter illegitimate distribution of digital content. MPEG-21 is not particularly relevant for video surveillance situations.
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