This set of Tissue Engineering Multiple Choice Questions & Answers (MCQs) focuses on “Mesodermal Cells”.
1. What is the marked part in the diagram of a blood vessel’s cross-section in a triploblastic organism?
a) Mesoderm
b) Ectoderm
c) Endoderm
d) Mucosal layer
View Answer
Explanation: The innermost germ layer is endoderm followed by mesoderm in the middle followed by the outermost layer called ectoderm.
2. Which of the following cell types are derived from the mesoderm?
a) Red Blood cells
b) Adherent cells
c) Stem cells
d) Carcinoma cells
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Explanation: Red blood cells are derived from the mesoderm. Adherent cells are the cells cultured on solid media requiring support to hold the cells in. Stem cells are either derived from the embryo or from fully developed adult organs. Carcinoma cells are derived from tumors.
3. Mesoderm forms muscles through _____________
a) myogenesis
b) hematopoiesis
c) thrombopoiesis
d) endochondral ossification
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Explanation: The process of formation of muscles especially during embryonic development from the mesodermal germ layer is termed as myogenesis.
4. Mesoderm has the ability to induce the formation of the neural plate.
a) TRUE
b) FALSE
View Answer
Explanation: The neural plate formation process is initiated by the signals sent from the dorsal mesoderm to the ectodermal cells above it to convert into columnar neural-plate cells.
5. The mesoderm appears in the __________ week of embryonic development.
a) third
b) eighth
c) first
d) tenth
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Explanation: During the gastrulation period the single-layered blastula develops into a trilaminar (three layered) structure called gastrula. These layers are called germ layers, ectoderm, mesoderm and ectoderm.
6. The paraxial mesoderm is one of the important segments of mesoderm.
a) TRUE
b) FALSE
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Explanation: The mesoderm is one of the three germ layers formed during the process of gastrulation. The mesoderm has three important compartments, paraxial mesoderm, lateral plate mesoderm, and intermediate mesoderm.
7. The somitomeres are formed by the paraxial mesoderm, theses somitomeres give rise to the mesenchyme of the head.
a) TRUE
b) FALSE
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Explanation: The sclerotomes are formed by the paraxial mesoderm. These sclerotomes give rise to the mesenchyme of the head and further organize into the somites in the occipital and caudal segments, and also give rise to sclerotomes and dermatomes. Sclerotomes form cartilage and bones. Dermatomes give rise to the subcutaneous tissue of the skin.
8. The lateral plate mesoderm gives rise to ____________
a) heart
b) liver
c) pancreas
d) brain
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Explanation: The blood vessels, blood cells along with the heart in the circulatory system as well as the limbs’ mesodermal components arise from the lateral plate mesoderm.
9. Label the part where the arrow is pointing.
a) Intermediate Mesodermal Plate
b) Neutral plate
c) Paraxial Mesodermal Plate
d) Lateral Mesodermal Plate
View Answer
Explanation: The neural plate is considered as a major developmental structure, it is a major component in the nervous system. The neural plate is formed by signals initiated by the mesoderm, these signals trigger the ectodermal cells to lengthen and flatten to form the neural plate. The region right above the notochord is called the neural plate.
10. In the case of Diploblasts, the non-living layer in the middle of ectoderm and endoderm is called ___________
a) mesoglea
b) mesoderm
c) endotherm
d) ectoderm
View Answer
Explanation: In the case of Diploblasts the non-living layer in the middle of ectoderm and endoderm is termed as mesoglea. In the case of triploblasts, the middle layer is called mesoderm. The endoderm is the innermost germ layer and ectoderm is the outermost germ layer in both diploblasts and triploblasts.
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