Statistical Quality Control Questions and Answers – Process Capability Ratios – 4

This set of Statistical Quality Control Multiple Choice Questions & Answers (MCQs) focuses on “Process Capability Ratios – 4”.

1. To remove the errors in the estimation of the PCR, the _________ is used.
a) Acceptance Sampling
b) Sample mean
c) Sample variance
d) Confidence intervals
View Answer

Answer: d
Explanation: In actual practice, we only observe the estimate of PCR, not the real PCR. As the estimate can have a large error probability, it is always a good idea to use confidence intervals.

2. Which of these measures the actual capability of the process?
a) Cp
b) Cpu
c) Cpk
d) Cpl
View Answer

Answer: c
Explanation: Cpk always shows the actual capability as by interpretation of it, we can sense the potential improvement possible in the process by centering it.

3. Which of these measures the potential capability of the process?
a) Cp
b) Cpu
c) Cpk
d) Cpl
View Answer

Answer: a
Explanation: Actual process capability can only be measured using the process capability ratio Cp as it does not take process centering into account. It ignores the potential improvement possible.
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4. If a process actual fallout is 1350 ppm, and its Cp=2.0, what will be its fallout after centering?
a) 1 ppm
b) 4 ppm
c) 0.009 ppm
d) 0.0018 ppm
View Answer

Answer: d
Explanation: Process fallout is 1350, so its Cpk=1.0. So after potential improvement, when its Cpk = Cp, we get the process fallout = 0.0018 ppm.

5. Which of these can be used to analyze the process capability of the process which has the quality characteristic distributed non-normally?
a) Cp
b) Cpk
c) Cpl
d) Cpc
View Answer

Answer: d
Explanation: There have been many attempts to extend the definition of the standard capability indices to the case of non-normal distribution. One of them is Cpc.
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6. How is Cpc expressed?
a) \(C_{pc}=\frac{USL+LSL}{6\sqrt{\frac{π}{2} E|X-T|}}\)
b) \(C_{pc}=\frac{USL-LSL}{6 \sqrt{\frac{π}{2} E|X-T|}}\)
c) \(C_{pc}=\frac{USL-LSL}{6 \sqrt{\frac{π}{2} E|X+T|}}\)
d) \(C_{pc}=\frac{USL-LSL}{\sqrt{\frac{π}{2} E|X-T|}}\)
View Answer

Answer: b
Explanation: Cpc is expressed as,
\(C_{pc}=\frac{USL-LSL}{6 \sqrt{\frac{π}{2} E|X-T|}}\)

7. What is the value of T in the expression of Cpc?
a) T=\(\frac{1}{2}\)(USL+LSL)
b) T=(USL+LSL)
c) T=\(\frac{1}{3}\)(USL+LSL)
d) T=\(\frac{1}{2}\)(USL-LSL)
View Answer

Answer: a
Explanation: The value of T in the expression of Cpc is as follows.
T=\(\frac{1}{2}\)(USL+LSL)
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8. What does the second subscript in Cpc?
a) Course
b) Capability
c) Confidence
d) Clarity
View Answer

Answer: c
Explanation: In the process capability index Cpc, designed by Lucin ̃o, which takes process non-normality into account, the second subscript denotes confidence as in Confidence intervals.

9. Which of these is not desirable to be worked alone with?
a) Cp
b) Cpc
c) Cpk
d) Cpu
View Answer

Answer: c
Explanation: Two processes having different centering can have a same Cpk. So we need to evaluate Cp to check the equality of PCR Cpk with it. This way we get perfect centering between the specifications.
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10. For any fixed value between LSL and USL, Cpk depends _________ on σ.
a) Inversely
b) Directly
c) Negatively
d) Positively
View Answer

Answer: a
Explanation: As we know,
Cpc=min⁡(Cpu,Cpl)
Where, Cpu and Cpl, both vary inversely according to σ. So Cpc is inversely dependent on σ.

11. What will be the value of Cpc as σ approaches to zero?
a) Zero
b) One
c) Infinity
d) Minus Infinity
View Answer

Answer: c
Explanation: As Process Capability Ratio Cpc varies inversely with σ, when the value of σ approaches zero, the value of the PCR Cpc becomes infinity.

12. Which of these besides the PCR Cpc can be used to know more about the process centering?
a) Cp
b) Cpm
c) Cpu
d) Cpl
View Answer

Answer: b
Explanation: As Cpc also needs some complementary process capability ratio such as Cp, to know more about process centering, another PCR Cpm is developed to know more about process centering.

13. What is the value of Cpm?
a) \(C_{pm}=\frac{USL+LSl}{6σ}\)
b) \(C_{pm}=\frac{USL-LSl}{6σ}\)
c) \(C_{pm}=\frac{USL+LSl}{6τ}\)
d) \(C_{pm}=\frac{USL-LSl}{6τ}\)
View Answer

Answer: d
Explanation: The value of Cpm Process capability ratio is given as,
\(C_{pm}=\frac{USL-LSl}{6τ}\)

14. ‘Cpk’ can also be used to determine the process capability of non-normal data.
a) True
b) False
View Answer

Answer: b
Explanation: Cpk and Cp are based on an assumption that the quality characteristic varies on a normal distribution. So we cannot use the process capability ratio Cpk to determine the process capability of the non-normal data.

15. ‘Cp’ and ‘Cpk’ both can’t be used alone to make decisions about the process centering.
a) True
b) False
View Answer

Answer: a
Explanation: To predict the process centering, we must have information about Cp and Cpk. This way we can check the equality between Cp and Cpk and say if the process is centered.

16. Kotz and Lovelace were in strong opposition of _______________
a) Pp
b) Cp
c) Cpk
d) Cpm
View Answer

Answer: a
Explanation: Kotz and Lovelace were in strong opposition of Pp because they were used when the process was not in control. They said no index can give useful predictive information about process capability.

Sanfoundry Global Education & Learning Series – Statistical Quality Control.

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Manish Bhojasia - Founder & CTO at Sanfoundry
Manish Bhojasia, a technology veteran with 20+ years @ Cisco & Wipro, is Founder and CTO at Sanfoundry. He lives in Bangalore, and focuses on development of Linux Kernel, SAN Technologies, Advanced C, Data Structures & Alogrithms. Stay connected with him at LinkedIn.

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