Circular Single Linked List in Python

This is a Python program to demonstrate a circular single linked list.

Problem Description

The program creates a circular single linked list and presents the user with a menu to perform various operations on the list.

Problem Solution

1. Create a class Node with instance variables data and next.
2. Create a class CircularLinkedList with instance variable head.
3. The variable head points to the first element in the circular single linked list.
4. Define methods get_node, get_prev_node, insert_after, insert_before, insert_at_beg, insert_at_end, remove and display.
5. get_node takes an index as argument and traverses the list from the first node that many times to return the node at that index. It stops if it reaches the first node again.
6. get_prev_node takes a reference node as argument and returns the previous node.
7. The methods insert_after and insert_before insert a node after or before some reference node in the list.
8. The methods insert_at_beg and insert_at_end insert a node at the first or last position of the list.
9. The method remove takes a node as argument and removes it from the list.
10. The method display traverses the list from the first node and prints the data of each node. It stops when it reaches the first node again.
11. Create an instance of CircularLinkedList and present the user with a menu to perform operations on the list.

Program/Source Code

Here is the source code of a Python program to demonstrate a circular single linked list. The program output is shown below.

class Node:
    def __init__(self, data):
        self.data = data
        self.next = None
 
 
class CircularLinkedList:
    def __init__(self):
        self.head = None
 
    def get_node(self, index):
        if self.head is None:
            return None
        current = self.head
        for i in range(index):
            current = current.next
            if current == self.head:
                return None
        return current
 
    def get_prev_node(self, ref_node):
        if self.head is None:
            return None
        current = self.head
        while current.next != ref_node:
            current = current.next
        return current
 
    def insert_after(self, ref_node, new_node):
        new_node.next = ref_node.next
        ref_node.next = new_node
 
    def insert_before(self, ref_node, new_node):
        prev_node = self.get_prev_node(ref_node)
        self.insert_after(prev_node, new_node)
 
    def insert_at_end(self, new_node):
        if self.head is None:
            self.head = new_node
            new_node.next = new_node
        else:
            self.insert_before(self.head, new_node)
 
    def insert_at_beg(self, new_node):
        self.insert_at_end(new_node)
        self.head = new_node
 
    def remove(self, node):
        if self.head.next == self.head:
            self.head = None
        else:
            prev_node = self.get_prev_node(node)
            prev_node.next = node.next
            if self.head == node:
                self.head = node.next
 
    def display(self):
        if self.head is None:
            return
        current = self.head
        while True:
            print(current.data, end = ' ')
            current = current.next
            if current == self.head:
                break
 
 
a_cllist = CircularLinkedList()
 
print('Menu')
print('insert <data> after <index>')
print('insert <data> before <index>')
print('insert <data> at beg')
print('insert <data> at end')
print('remove <index>') 
print('quit')
 
while True:
    print('The list: ', end = '')
    a_cllist.display()
    print()
    do = input('What would you like to do? ').split()
 
    operation = do[0].strip().lower()
 
    if operation == 'insert':
        data = int(do[1])
        position = do[3].strip().lower()
        new_node = Node(data)
        suboperation = do[2].strip().lower() 
        if suboperation == 'at':
            if position == 'beg':
                a_cllist.insert_at_beg(new_node)
            elif position == 'end':
                a_cllist.insert_at_end(new_node)
        else:
            index = int(position)
            ref_node = a_cllist.get_node(index)
            if ref_node is None:
                print('No such index.')
                continue
            if suboperation == 'after':
                a_cllist.insert_after(ref_node, new_node)
            elif suboperation == 'before':
                a_cllist.insert_before(ref_node, new_node)
 
    elif operation == 'remove':
        index = int(do[1])
        node = a_cllist.get_node(index)
        if node is None:
            print('No such index.')
            continue
        a_cllist.remove(node)
 
    elif operation == 'quit':
        break
Program Explanation

1. An instance of CircularLinkedList is created.
2. The user is presented with a menu to perform various operations on the list.
3. The corresponding methods are called to perform each operation.

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Runtime Test Cases
Case 1:
Menu
insert <data> after <index>
insert <data> before <index>
insert <data> at beg
insert <data> at end
remove <index>
quit
The list: 
What would you like to do? insert 7 at beg
The list: 7 
What would you like to do? insert 1 before 0
The list: 7 1 
What would you like to do? insert 10 after 0
The list: 7 10 1 
What would you like to do? insert 3 at end
The list: 7 10 1 3 
What would you like to do? remove 2
The list: 7 10 3 
What would you like to do? remove 0
The list: 10 3 
What would you like to do? quit
 
Case 2:
Menu
insert <data> after <index>
insert <data> before <index>
insert <data> at beg
insert <data> at end
remove <index>
quit
The list: 
What would you like to do? insert 1 at beg
The list: 1 
What would you like to do? insert 3 after 2
No such index.
The list: 1 
What would you like to do? remove 1
No such index.
The list: 1 
What would you like to do? insert 6 after 0
The list: 1 6 
What would you like to do? remove 0
The list: 6 
What would you like to do? quit

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Manish Bhojasia, a technology veteran with 20+ years @ Cisco & Wipro, is Founder and CTO at Sanfoundry. He lives in Bangalore, and focuses on development of Linux Kernel, SAN Technologies, Advanced C, Data Structures & Alogrithms. Stay connected with him at LinkedIn.

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