This set of Petroleum Production Operations Multiple Choice Questions & Answers (MCQs) focuses on “Types of Perforators”.
1. The bullet loses its energy and velocity when the gun clearance exceeds ______
a) 0.5 in
b) 0.5 mm
c) 0.5 cm
d) 0.5 ft
View Answer
Explanation: The bullet loses its energy and velocity when the gun clearance exceeds 0.5 in, it is the clearance at which most of the comparative tests have been made. At zero gun clearance penetration increases approximately 15% over 0.5 in clearance, along with the deburring effect.
2. What is the size of the hole of a standard perforation?
a) 0.1 inch
b) 0.3 inch
c) 0.6 inch
d) 0.4 inch
View Answer
Explanation: The size of the hole of a standard perforation is 0.4 inches. This is the size of the entrance hole that is created when the perforator punches the wall of the formation in the process of perforation.
3. What is the size of the depth of penetration of a standard perforation?
a) 10 inch
b) 12 inch
c) 20 inch
d) 5 ft
View Answer
Explanation: The size of the depth of penetration of a standard perforation is 20 inches. This is the size of the depth that is created when the perforator punches the wall of the formation in the process of perforation.
4. What is Fluid Seal Disks?
a) Helps to ignite the prima cord
b) Allows fluids to enter into the gun
c) Allows bullets to enter into the formation
d) Prevents fluids from entering into the gun
View Answer
Explanation: Fluid Seal Disks are one of the components of the Bullet Perforating gun. The main purpose of the Fluid Seal Disk is to prevent fluids from entering into the gun. This helps the perforating gun to isolate itself from being in contact with the fluids.
5. Bullets cost is much higher than Jet perforator.
a) True
b) False
View Answer
Explanation: The statement is False. In general, Bullets cost is lesser than the Jet perforator. This is an advantage of Bullet perforation over Jet perforator. The other major disadvantage is that Bullet perforator may not be used in high-temperature wells.
6. What is a perforated liner?
a) A wellbore tubular with slots
b) A wellbore tubular with no slots
c) Seals the gun
d) Seals the fluid to enter into the gun
View Answer
Explanation: A perforated liner is tubular with slots. It is not used for sand control but can improve the hole stability. It allows the fluid to enter into the good bore. It is a cost reduction equipment that is of immense importance.
7. Which of the following is correct for Hydraulic perforator?
a) Hydraulic Perforation is Hydraulic fracturing
b) Perforation is obtained by fracturing
c) Cutting is obtained by edging sand-laden fluid through an orifice
d) Penetration is too high
View Answer
Explanation: In the case of Hydraulic perforator, perforating action is obtained by edging sand-laden fluid through an orifice. Penetration is low as well as the bottom hole pressure is increased to 300 psi or more. Penetration can be increased greatly by the addition of nitrogen to the fluid stream.
8. Which of the following is correct for Mechanical Cutters in Perforation?
a) Knives and milling tools are used
b) Doesn’t make communication between the wellbore and the formation
c) Doesn’t control sand
d) Milling tools are not used
View Answer
Explanation: Knives and milling tools are used to open slots or windows to provide communication between wellbore and the formation in the case of Mechanical Cutters. Milling and gravel packing actions are the standard techniques for sand control in some areas.
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