This set of Petroleum Production Operations Multiple Choice Questions & Answers (MCQs) focuses on “Geologic Factors Affecting Reservoir Properties in Sandstone Reservoirs”.
1. Which of the following is incorrect regarding Porosity?
a) It is the ratio of pore volume to bulk volume
b) It is the ratio of bulk volume to pore volume
c) It is the ratio of saturation to bulk volume
d) It is the ratio of oil volume to the pore volume
View Answer
Explanation: Porosity is the ratio of pore volume to bulk volume. Pore volume is the void space inside the rocks. Bulk volume is the total volume of the rock. Saturation is the ration of fluid volume to pore volume.
2. Which company discovered commercial oil was from the Niger River delta?
a) Sinopec
b) Exxon Mobil
c) Shell-BP
d) Petronas
View Answer
Explanation: Shell-BP was the first company that discovered commercial oil was from the Niger River delta. BP stands for British Petroleum. Exxon Mobil is an American multinational oil and gas company. Sinopec is China Petroleum China Petroleum & Chemical Corporation Sinopec is a Chinese oil and gas company. Petronas is a Malaysian oil and gas company.
3. By using which of the log we can easily differentiate the bed boundary between shale and sandstone?
a) Sonic log
b) Gamma-ray log
c) Neutron porosity log
d) MSFL
View Answer
Explanation: Gamma-ray log can be used to easily differentiate the bed boundary between shale and sandstone. If the gamma ray count is more then it confirms shaly formation otherwise a non-shaly formation. The sonic log gives sonic porosity. The neutron porosity log gives neutron porosity. MSFL is a micro spherically focused log that is used to get Flushed zone resistivity.
4. If the Density porosity > Neutron porosity then it indicates Gas Bearing formation.
a) True
b) False
View Answer
Explanation: Yes it is true. We generally take fluid density to be one but in case of gas it is way less than 1 so the density calculated from density porosity is found to be more. If Density porosity < Neutron porosity then it confirms shale. So we use Density porosity & Neutron porosity cross plots to differentiate Gas bearing formation and Shale.
5. SP log can be used to identify shale and sandstone reservoir.
a) True
b) False
View Answer
Explanation: Yes, the SP log can be used to identify the shale and sandstone reservoir. SP log basically measures the potential difference and they differentiate permeable and non-permeable formations. Nowadays mostly Gamma rays are used because it is more reliable than the SP log. SP log gives poor lithology information.
6. Which of the following is correct in the case of sandstone reservoirs?
a) A & C are sandstone and B is shale
b) A and B are sandstone and C is shale
c) A and C are shale and B is sandstone
d) C is sandstone
View Answer
Explanation: A and C are shale and B is sandstone. Shale has the radioactive elements Uranium, Potassium, and Thorium so it shows positive deflection but sandstone doesn’t. Sometimes sandstone too has K40 radioactive element. But in general, they don’t contain that many radioactive elements.
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