Molecular Biology Questions and Answers – Recombination in Higher Organisms – 2

This set of Molecular Biology Question Paper focuses on “Recombination in Higher Organisms – 2”.

1. What is the central protein of homologous recombination?
a) RecB
b) RecD
c) RecA
d) RecC
View Answer

Answer: c
Explanation: RecA is the central protein of homologous recombination. It is the founding member of a family of enzymes called the strand exchange protein.

2. What is the joint molecule?
a) RecB of the RecBCD pathway
b) B DNA
c) Z DNA
d) Rec A bound three stranded structure
View Answer

Answer: d
Explanation: The RecA bound three stranded structure is known as the joint molecule. It usually contains several hundred base pairs of hybrid DNA.

3. The RuvAB complex specifically recognizes the Holliday junction in an ATP dependent manner.
a) True
b) False
View Answer

Answer: a
Explanation: RuvA recognizes and binds to the Holliday junction and recruits RuvB protein to this site. RuvB is a hexameric ATPase thus making the process an ATP dependent one.
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4. Which component cleaves the specific DNA strands at the Holliday junction?
a) RuvC
b) RuvD
c) RuvA
d) RuvB
View Answer

Answer: a
Explanation: RuvC recognizes the Holliday junction. It specifically nicks two of the homologous DNA strands that have the same polarity.

5. After cleaved by RuvC the resulting ligated recombination products will only be the splice product.
a) True
b) False
View Answer

Answer: b
Explanation: Depending on which pair of strands is cleaved by RuvC the resulting recombinant product will depend. It either forms a spliced product or a patched product.
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6. What is the cleavage site of RuvC?
a) 5’….A/TTTG/C….3’
b) 5’….G/TTTC/T….3’
c) 5’….T/TGCG/C….3’
d) 5’….C/ATTG/T….3’
View Answer

Answer: a
Explanation: Cleavage by RuvC takes place at sites conforming to the consensus sequence 5’….A/TTTG/C….3’. cleavage occurs after the second T in this sequence.

7. What is the source of energy during the action of SPO11?
a) Cleavage of peptide bond
b) Cleavage of amide bond
c) Cleavage of glycoside bond
d) Cleavage of phosphodiester bond
View Answer

Answer: d
Explanation: During the action of SPO11 the cleavage of DNA phosphodiester bond is stored in the bound protein-DNA linkage. By this process, the DNA strands can be released.
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8. What are the components of the MRX protein?
a) MreII, Rad50, Xrs2
b) Rad51, Rad52, Rad59
c) RecA, RuvC, RuvAB
d) Rad51C, WRN, BLH
View Answer

Answer: a
Explanation: MRX enzyme complex is used for the event of DNA processing. It is composed of protein subunits, MreII, Rad50 and Xrs2. The first letters of the subunits give the complex its name.

9. Processing of the DNA at the break site occurs at the 3’ end.
a) True
b) False
View Answer

Answer: b
Explanation: Processing of the DNA at the break site occurs exclusively at the 5’ terminus. The strand ic covalently attached to the Spo11 protein.
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10. How many cycles are required for the configuration of chromosomes?
a) 1
b) 2
c) 3
d) 4
View Answer

Answer: b
Explanation: Chromosomes are configured during two division cycles. This is because meiosis involves two rounds of nuclear divisons.

11. What is non-disjunction?
a) Proper alignment
b) Sister chromatid formation
c) Failed alignment
d) Chromosome segregation
View Answer

Answer: c
Explanation: The absence of recombination leads to the failed alignment of the chromosomes in the 1st meiotic division and as a result there is a high incidence of chromosome loss. This improper segregation of chromosomes is called nondisjunction.

12. For which biological phenomenon homologous recombination is critical?
a) Mitosis
b) Meiosis
c) Fragmentation
d) Sporing
View Answer

Answer: b
Explanation: Homologous recombination is critical for meiosis during the pachytene stage of meiosis I. This is important for the introduction of genetic variations in every generation.

13. What are homologs?
a) Part of DNA
b) Pair of nucleus
c) Pair of chromosomes
d) Part of a cell
View Answer

Answer: c
Explanation: Before cell division the cell has two copies of each chromosome, one of each was inherited from either parent. These are known as homologs.

14. What is the function of the Spo11 in meiotic recombination?
a) Introduction of mutation
b) Introduction of nick
c) Introduction of DSB
d) Introduction of lesion
View Answer

Answer: c
Explanation: Spo11 gene encodes a protein that introduces DSBs in chromosomal DNA to initiate meiotic recombination. The Spo11 protein cuts the DNA at many chromosomal locations with little sequence selectivity but at a very specific time during meiosis.

15. How many subunits of Spo11 are involved in the process of cleavage of DNA?
a) 1
b) 2
c) 3
d) 4
View Answer

Answer: b
Explanation: The two subunits of Spo11 cleave the DNA two nucleotides apart on the two DNA strands. It makes staggered double strand break by cleavage.

Sanfoundry Global Education & Learning Series – Molecular Biology.

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Manish Bhojasia, a technology veteran with 20+ years @ Cisco & Wipro, is Founder and CTO at Sanfoundry. He lives in Bangalore, and focuses on development of Linux Kernel, SAN Technologies, Advanced C, Data Structures & Alogrithms. Stay connected with him at LinkedIn.

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