This set of Food Processing Unit Operations Multiple Choice Questions & Answers (MCQs) focuses on “Steam Distillation”.
1. What are the applications of steam distillation?
a) Extract the inorganic compounds
b) To clean the equipment
c) Extract and isolate essential oils
d) To purify drinking water
View Answer
Explanation: The steam Distillation is used to extract and isolate essential oils from plants for use in natural products. From an inlet, steam is inserted through the plant material comprising the desired oils, where the plant’s aromatic molecules are released and changed them into vapor.
2. What is the advantage of steam distillation?
a) Reduces decomposition of temperature-sensitive compounds
b) Reduces decomposition of inorganic compounds
c) Increases the decomposition of temperature-sensitive compounds
d) Increases the decomposition of inorganic compounds
View Answer
Explanation: The advantage of steam distillation is that the reduction of decomposition of temperature-sensitive compounds due to lower boiling point. It is useful for the purification of organic compounds
3. Who invented steam distillation?
a) Avicenna
b) Charles Chamberland
c) Nicolas Appert
d) Clarence Birdseye
View Answer
Explanation: Avicenna invented steam distillation. Charles Chamberland developed the first pressure steam sterilizer. Nicolas Appert is the father of food technology. Clarence Birdseye developed processes for freezing fish based on quick freezing.
4. Is steam distillation used to isolate limonene?
a) True
b) False
View Answer
Explanation: Limonene is a high-boiling liquid which decomposes under the high heat therefore steam distillation is used to obtain essential oils, as distillation of co-mixture of oil and water at a lower boiling point.
5. Which of the following statements about steam distillation are correct?
Statement 1: It cannot be applied under low pressure.
Statement 2: Used in isolation of organic compounds.
a) True, False
b) True, True
c) False, True
d) False, False
View Answer
Explanation: Steam distillation is used in isolation of organic compounds that tend to decompose at high sustained temperatures. When the substances are very sensitive to heat, then steam distillation is applied under reduced pressure, thereby reducing the operating temperature further.
6. How to extract oil from cinnamon?
a) Steam distillation
b) Hydro distillation
c) Fractional distillation
d) Boiling
View Answer
Explanation: Steam distillation is used to extract oil from cinnamon. This is due to the reduction of decomposition of temperature-sensitive compounds due to lower boiling point in this process.
7. How long is steam distillation takes place for lavender?
a) 2 hours
b) 3 hours
c) 4 hours
d) 5 hours
View Answer
Explanation: The lavender can be fully distilled in 2 hours. The process is conducted in a distillation until it uses water to remove the essential oil from the plant material.
8. What is still in distillation terminology?
a) It is the apparatus to be used for distillation
b) It is the liquid that is collected in collection flask
c) It is the end product obtained in distillation
d) It is the liquid injected during distillation process
View Answer
Explanation: The distillation apparatus is normally called a still that consists of a vessel for plant material and water, which is condenser for cooling and condensing the vapor produced and a collection flask,.
9. What are variants of the steam distillation process?
a) Dry steam distillation
b) Hydro-distillation
c) Direct steam distillation
d) Dry steam distillation, direct steam distillation and hydro-distillation
View Answer
Explanation: According to the contact type between the matrix and the water or steam, there are three variants of the steam distillation process. They are dry steam distillation, direct steam distillation, and hydro-distillation.
10. Which of the following is not true of steam distillation?
a) Very long extraction times
b) High energy consumption
c) No need for subsequent separation steps
d) Very short extraction times
View Answer
Explanation: Steam distillation has very long extraction times, requires high energy consumption and there is no need for subsequent separation steps. It generates organic solvent-free products.
Sanfoundry Global Education & Learning Series – Food Processing Unit Operations.
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