Fluid Mechanics Questions and Answers – Pressure Distribution in a Fluid – 1

This set of Fluid Mechanics Multiple Choice Questions & Answers (MCQs) focuses on “Pressure Distribution in a Fluid – 1”.

1. Which one of the following is the unit of pressure?
a) N
b) N/m
c) N/m2
d) N/m3
View Answer

Answer: c
Explanation: Pressure is defined as the force per unit area acting normal to a surface. The SI unit of force is N and area is m2. Thus, the unit of pressure will be N = m2.

2. Which one of the following is the dimension of pressure?
a) [MLT2].
b) [MLT-2].
c) [ML-1T2].
d) [ML-1T-2].
View Answer

Answer: d
Explanation: Pressure (p) is defined as the force (F) per unit area (A) acting normal to a surface.
Thus, Pressure (p) is defined as the force (F) per unit area (A) acting normal to a surface

3. Which one of the following statements is true regarding pressure?
a) Pressure is a scalar quantity
b) Pressure is a vector quantity
c) Pressure is a scalar quantity only when the area is infinitesimally small
d) Pressure is a vector quantity only when the area is infinitesimally small
View Answer

Answer: a
Explanation: Pressure is defined as the force per unit area acting normal to a surface. Both force and area are vectors, but the division of one by the other leads to a scalar quantity.
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4. A beaker half-filled with water is exposed to the atmosphere. If the pressure at points A, B and C as shown are Pa, Pb and Pc respectively, which one of the following will be the relation connecting the three?
The relation connecting the three is Pa < Pb = Pc if the pressure at points A, B & C
a) Pa > Pb = Pc
b) Pa > Pb > Pc
c) Pa < Pb < Pc
d) Pa < Pb = Pc
View Answer

Answer: d
Explanation: Since the beaker is exposed to the atmosphere, the pressure at point A will be atmospheric, Pa = 0. Pressure increases in the vertically downward direction, Pa < Pb and Pa < Pc.
Pressure remains constant in the horizontal direction, Pb = Pc. Therefore, Pa < Pb = Pc.

5. A beaker is filled with a liquid up to a height h. If A and B are two points, one on the free surface and one at the base as shown, such that the minimum distance between the two is l, what will be the pressure at point B?
Pressure at point B is ρgh if A & B are two points one on free surface & one at base
a) ρgl
b) ρgh
c) ρg\(\sqrt{l^2 + h^2}\)
d) ρg\(\sqrt{l^2 – h^2}\)
View Answer

Answer: b
Explanation: For a constant density liquid, pressure varies linearly in the vertically downward direction. Thus,
PB = PA + ρgh
where PB=Pressure at B, PA=Pressure at A, ρ=density of the liquid, g=acceleration due to gravity and h=vertical distance sePArating the two points. Since A is at the free surface, PA = 0, PB = ρgh.
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6. A beaker of height h is filled with a liquid of density ρ up to a certain limit. The beaker is rotated by an angle θ such that further increase in the angle will result in over flow of the liquid. If the liquid surface is exposed to the atmosphere, what will be the gauge pressure at point B?
The gauge pressure at point B is ρgh cos θ if liquid surface is exposed to the atmosphere
a) ρgh
b) ρgh sin θ
c) ρgh cos θ
d) ρgh=2
View Answer

Answer: c
Explanation: Vertical distance below the free surface at which the point B is located will be h cos θ.
Since the pressure at the free surface is atmospheric, the gauge pressure at B will be = 0 + ρgh cos θ.

7. An arm of a teapot is completely filled with tea (density=ρ) If the arm has a length of l and is inclined at 30o to the horizontal, what will be the pressure difference between the two points, C at the mouth and D at the base of the arm?
Pressure difference between two points C at mouth & D at base of arm is ρgl/2
a) ρgl
b) ρgl/2
c) √2ρgl
d) 2ρgl
View Answer

Answer: b
Explanation: Vertical distance difference between the two points, C at the mouth and D at the base of the arm will be l sin θ = l sin 30o = l=2. Thus, pressure difference between C and D is = ρgl/2.
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8. A beaker is filled with a liquid of density ρ1 up to a certain height. The pressure at the base of the beaker id Pb. If the liquid is replaced by an equal volume of another liquid of density ρ2, what will be the pressure at the base of the beaker now?
The pressure at the base of the beaker now ρ2ρ1 Pb if pressure at base of beaker id Pb
a) Pb
b) \(\frac{ρ1 + ρ2}{2}\) Pb
c) \(\frac{ρ1}{ρ2}\) Pb
d) \(\frac{ρ2}{ρ1}\) Pb
View Answer

Answer: d
Explanation: PB = ρ1gh, where h=height up to which the liquid is filled. Since equal volume of the second liquid is poured, it’ll also rise to a height of h. Thus, the pressure at the base will become
The pressure at the base for rise to a height of h

9. A beaker is filled with a liquid of density ρ1 up to a certain height. A is a point, h m downwards from the free surface of the liquid as shown. The liquid is replaced by equal volume of another liquid of density ρ2. If ρ1 > ρ2, how will the pressure at point A change?
Find pressure at point A change if liquid is replaced by equal volume of another liquid
a) remain same
b) increase
c) decrease
d) become zero
View Answer

Answer: c
Explanation: P1= ρ1gh and P2 = ρ2gh, where P1 and P2 are the pressures at point A when liquids of density ρ1 and ρ2 are poured. If ρ1 > ρ2, P1 > P2. Thus the pressure at point A will decrease.
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10. A beaker is filled with a liquid of density ρ1 up to a certain height. A is a point, h m downwards from the free surface such that the pressure at A is P. If the liquid is replaced by equal volume of another liquid of density ρ2, at what distance from the free surface will the pressure be P now?
Find distance from surface if pressure be P now if liquid is replaced by equal volume
a) h
b) \(\frac{ρ1 + ρ2}{2}\) h
c) \(\frac{ρ1}{ρ2}\) h
d) \(\frac{ρ2}{ρ1}\) h
View Answer

Answer: c
Explanation: P = ρ1gh. Let the point inside the liquid where the pressure is P be at a distance of hx from the surface. Thus, P = ρ2ghx. Hence, ρ1 * h = ρ2 * hx, ie, hx = ρ1/ρ2 h.

11. If the pressure at a point is 1m of water, what will be it’s value in terms of m of oil? (Take, the specific gravity of oil to be 0.8)
a) 0.8
b) 1
c) 1.25
d) 2.5
View Answer

Answer: c
Explanation: Pressure at a point P is equal to ρgh, where ρ is the density and h is the height of the liquid column. Therefore, ρwater * 1 * g = ρoil * h * g, where h is the pressure in terms of m of oil.
Thus, h = ρwater / ρoil = 1/0.8 = 1.25.

12. A beaker is filled with a liquid of density ρ up to a height h. If half the liquid is replaced by equal volume of another liquid of twice the density, what will be the change in the base pressure?
Find change in base pressure if half liquid is replaced by volume of liquid of density
a) increased by ρgh
b) decreased by ρgh
c) increased by ρgh=2
d) decreased by ρgh=2
View Answer

Answer: c
Explanation: Base pressure when the beaker is filled with a liquid of density ρ up to a height h = ρgh
Base pressure when half the liquid is replaced by equal volume of another liquid of twice the density
= ρg h2 + 2ρg h2 = 32 ρgh
Thus the change in base pressure is = ρgh / 2. Since, P2 > P1, there will be an increase in pressure.

13. A cuboidal container (each side of 30 cm0) is completely filled with water. A is a point, 25 cm above the base such that the pressure at point A is P. At what height (in cm) from the base will the pressure be 2P?
Height from base of pressure be 2P is 20 if cuboidal container is filled with water
a) 20
b) 15
c) 12.5
d) 10
View Answer

Answer: a
Explanation: Pressure at a point P is equal to ρgh, where ρ is the density and h is the height of the liquid column from the top. Thus, ρ * g *(30 – h) = 2 * ρ * g *( 30-25), where h from the base where the pressure will be 2P. Thus, h = 30 – 2(30 – 25) = 20.

14. A closed tank (of height 5 m) is PArtially filled with a liquid as shown. If the pressure of the air above the fluid is 2 bar, find the pressure at the bottom of the tank. Assume the density of the liquid to vary according to the following relation:
Find pressure at bottom of tank if closed tank is partially filled with liquid
where y is the height from the base
The change of pressure P with vertical direction y
a) 2.12
b) 2.15
c) 2.18
d) 2.5
View Answer

Answer: c
Explanation: The change of pressure P with vertical direction y is given by
The pressure at bottom of tank if closed tank is partially filled with liquid is 2.18

15. The pressure gauges 1, 2 and 3 are installed on the system as shown. If the readings of the gauges be P1 = 1 bar, P2 = 2bar and P3 = 3 bar, what will be the value of P? (Take Patm = 1.01 bar)
The value of P is 7.01 if readings of the gauges be P1 = 1 bar, P2 = 2bar & P3 = 3 bar
a) 3.01
b) 4.01
c) 6.01
d) 7.01
View Answer

Answer: d
Explanation: PA = PAtm + P1
PB = PA + P2
PC = PB + P3
P = PC = PAtm + P1 + P2 + P3 = 1.01 + 1 + 2 + 3 = 7.01.

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Manish Bhojasia, a technology veteran with 20+ years @ Cisco & Wipro, is Founder and CTO at Sanfoundry. He lives in Bangalore, and focuses on development of Linux Kernel, SAN Technologies, Advanced C, Data Structures & Alogrithms. Stay connected with him at LinkedIn.

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