This set of Energy & Environment Management Multiple Choice Questions & Answers (MCQs) focuses on “Ecological Succession”.
1. How many types of ecological succession are there?
a) One
b) Two
c) Three
d) Four
View Answer
Explanation: There are two types of ecological succession they are primary succession, secondary succession and cyclic succession. Primary succession occurs when a new land is formed which provide habitant to colonized for first time. In secondary succession there is a recolonized in a previously occupied area.
2. What is called for the term used to express a community in its final stage of succession?
a) End community
b) Final community
c) Climax community
d) Dark community
View Answer
Explanation: The term climax community is used to express a community in its final stage of succession. The climax community may change if there are changed in climate or long term evolutionary changes in species.
3. What is called for the term in which all the living organisms that occupy an area undergoing primary succession in the beginning stages?
a) Climax community
b) Settled community
c) Dense community
d) Pioneer community
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Explanation: When succession occurs in any particular area smaller species such as bacteria, fungi are usually first to come in. These first organisms that settle an area make up the pioneer community. These pioneer communities later lead to biological succession.
4. What is called for the process when older communities of plants and animals are replaced by newer communities?
a) Evolution
b) Deforestation
c) Forestation
d) Ecological succession
View Answer
Explanation: Ecological succession can be defined as changing sequence of communities that live in an ecosystem during a given time period. The actual species involved in a succession in a particular area can control by geology, climate, soil type and other environmental factors.
5. Which process occurs after a volcanic eruption?
a) Primary succession
b) Secondary succession
c) Nitrogen fixation
d) Oxidation
View Answer
Explanation: Secondary succession refers to the concept of an ecosystem reviving itself after all has been destroyed. In an area where a volcano erupts the lava inside cause damage to the plant and tree life. If the land which was affected by volcanic eruption and not covered in new volcanic rock, roots or plants parts in soil could renew.
6. Species diversity hurts ecological succession.
a) True
b) False
View Answer
Explanation: Species diversity does not contribute for ecological succession. The diversity among the species is high at pioneer community. However as time passed competition and interaction causes a significant drop in species diversity.
7. Soil changes due to erosion is an example of which of the following succession?
a) Allogenic succession
b) Autogenic succession
c) Computational succession
d) Emigrational succession
View Answer
Explanation: Succession driven by the abiotic components of an ecosystem is known as allogenic succession. In contrast, an autogenic succession is driven by the biotic components of the ecosystem. Allogenic succession happens on a time scale that is proportionate with the disturbance.
8. What is called for the succession driven by the biotic components of an ecosystem?
a) Allogenic succession
b) Autogenic succession
c) Computational succession
d) Migration succession
View Answer
Explanation: In autogenic succession plants they cause succession to occur light captured by leaves, production of detritus and nitrogen fixation. Autogenic succession can be viewed as a secondary succession because of pre existing plant life.
9. What is called for a pattern of vegetation change in which a small number of species tend to replace each other over time in the absence of large scale disturbance?
a) Primary succession
b) Secondary succession
c) Tertiary succession
d) Cyclic succession
View Answer
Explanation: Cyclic ecological succession happens within established communities and is merely a changing of the structure of the ecosystem on a cyclical basis. In cyclic replacement observation that made has provided evidence against end state climax community.
10. Which is the first process in ecological succession?
a) Nudation
b) Migration
c) Ecesis
d) Aggregation
View Answer
Explanation: Nudation is defined as the development of a bare site uninhabited by any organisms. This nudation is usually caused by disturbances in topographic, climatic or biotic factors. The areas formed can sustain only autotrophic organisms which can utilize in organic substrates.
11. What is called for the succession occurring within a microhabitat?
a) Primary succession
b) Nudation
c) Serule
d) Climax succession
View Answer
Explanation: Micro-organisms such as fungi and bacteria occurring within a microhabitat known as serule. This type of succession occurs in newly available habitat. Changes of pH in a habitat could provide ideal conditions for a new species to inhabit the area.
12. What is called for the climax which is governed by more than one climate?
a) Climatic climax
b) Catastrophic climax
c) Sub climax
d) Edaphic climax
View Answer
Explanation: Community in which climax is governed by more than one climax communities in a region, soil nutrients, soil moisture, scope exposure and animal activity is called as edaphic climax. Soil factors like salinity, alkalinity determined climax community.
13. After landslide which of the following type of succession occurs?
a) Primary
b) Secondary
c) Tertiary
d) Climax
View Answer
Explanation: Succession is generally regarded as primary when it occurs on a landslide where rock and subsoil, virtually free of organic matter are exposed, despite the fact that landslide was formed the substratum just beneath a developed soil carrying vegetation.
14. Ecesis is the initial establishment of the plant community.
a) True
b) False
View Answer
Explanation: Ecesis is dependent on the soil structure and it is the initial establishment of the plant community. In this stage, the early colonizing species proliferate abundantly through germination, growth and reproduction. It is due to allogenic mechanisms.
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