C++ Program to Implement Quick Sort with Given Complexity Constraint

This is a C++ program to sort the given data using Quick Sort using randomization.

Problem Description

1. Quick sort is based on an algorithmic design pattern called divide-and-conquer.
2. Unlike Merge Sort it doesn’t require extra memory space.
3. The average time complexity is O(n*log(n)) but the worst case complexity is O(n^2).
4. To reduce the chances of the worst case we have implemented Quicksort using randomization.
5. Here we will be selecting the pivot randomly.

Problem Solution

1. Randomly select pivot value from the given subpart of the array.
2. Partition that subpart so that the values left of the pivot are smaller and to the right are greater from the pivot.
3. Consider both as new sub-array and repeat step 1 until only one element left in subpart.
4. Display the result.
5. Exit.

Program/Source Code

C++ program to implement Quick sort using randomization.
This program is successfully run on Dev-C++ using TDM-GCC 4.9.2 MinGW compiler on a Windows system.

#include<iostream>
#include<cstdlib>
 
using namespace std;
 
// Swapping two values.
void swap(int *a, int *b)
{
	int temp; 
	temp = *a;
	*a = *b;
	*b = temp;
}
 
// Partitioning the array on the basis of values at high as pivot value.
int Partition(int a[], int low, int high)
{
	int pivot, index, i;
	index = low;
	pivot = high;
 
	// Getting index of pivot.
	for(i=low; i < high; i++)
	{
		if(a[i] < a[pivot])
		{
			swap(&a[i], &a[index]);
			index++;
		}
	}
	// Swapping value at high and at the index obtained.
	swap(&a[pivot], &a[index]);
 
	return index;
}
 
// Random selection of pivot.
int RandomPivotPartition(int a[], int low, int high)
{
	int pvt, n, temp;
	n = rand();
	// Randomizing the pivot value in the given subpart of array.
	pvt = low + n%(high-low+1);
 
	// Swapping pvt value from high, so pvt value will be taken as pivot while partitioning.
	swap(&a[high], &a[pvt]);
 
	return Partition(a, low, high);
}
 
// Implementing QuickSort algorithm.
int QuickSort(int a[], int low, int high)
{
	int pindex;
	if(low < high)
	{
		// Partitioning array using randomized pivot.
		pindex = RandomPivotPartition(a, low, high);
		// Recursively implementing QuickSort.
		QuickSort(a, low, pindex-1);
		QuickSort(a, pindex+1, high);
	}
	return 0;
}
 
int main()
{
	int n, i;
	cout<<"\nEnter the number of data element to be sorted: ";
	cin>>n;
 
	int arr[n];
	for(i = 0; i < n; i++)
	{
		cout<<"Enter element "<<i+1<<": ";
		cin>>arr[i];
	}
 
	QuickSort(arr, 0, n-1);
 
	// Printing the sorted data.
	cout<<"\nSorted Data ";
	for (i = 0; i < n; i++)
        	cout<<"->"<<arr[i];
 
	return 0;
}
Program Explanation

1. Take input of data.
2. Call QuickSort() function.
3. Through RandomPivotPartition(), select pivot randomly.
4. Create a partition of the array on the basis of the pivot.
5. Recursively insert the partitions into QuickSort() and repeat step 2 until low is lesser than high.
6. Return to main and display the result.
7. Exit.

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Runtime Test Cases
 
Case 1: (avg case)
 
Enter the number of data element to be sorted: 10
Enter element 1: 23
Enter element 2: 9876
Enter element 3: 459
Enter element 4: 650
Enter element 5: 32
Enter element 6: 9
Enter element 7: 4705
Enter element 8: 1
Enter element 9: 17
Enter element 10: 3
 
Sorted Data ->1->3->9->17->23->32->459->650->4705->9876

Sanfoundry Global Education & Learning Series – C++ Algorithms.
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Manish Bhojasia - Founder & CTO at Sanfoundry
Manish Bhojasia, a technology veteran with 20+ years @ Cisco & Wipro, is Founder and CTO at Sanfoundry. He lives in Bangalore, and focuses on development of Linux Kernel, SAN Technologies, Advanced C, Data Structures & Alogrithms. Stay connected with him at LinkedIn.

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