This set of Cancer Biology Multiple Choice Questions & Answers (MCQs) focuses on “Receptor Tyrosine Kinases (RTKs)”.
1. Adapter protein have signalling pathways similar as enzymes.
a) True
b) False
View Answer
Explanation: Enzymes apart from receptors are enlisted to signalling pathways in exact same way as adapter proteins. Although, adapter proteins generally do not have enzymatic activity. Adapter cooperates in a specific manner with other proteins to draw proteins to specific location or facilitate the formation or protein complexes. It acts like molecular Velcro.
2. Which of the following receptors of EGFR family does not have any direct ligand?
a) ERBB2
b) EGFR
c) ERBB3
d) ERBB4
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Explanation: EGF bind specifically with EGFR. Epiregullin binds with ERBB4 and EGFR. Whereas, neuregulins bind with EGFR, ERBB3 as well as ERBB4. ERBB2 does not have any direct ligand and therefore is “orphan receptor”.
3. Which among the following domains are linked with tyrosine kinase?
a) SH2
b) SH3
c) SH2 and SH3
d) SH2 and PTB
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Explanation: Src homology 2 (SH2) and phosphotyrosine binding (PTB) domains are the two major type of domains. These two are responsible for binding of protein to phosphorylated tyrosine within specific peptide sequence.
4. Which of the following gene is found to be amplified in Breast carcinoma?
a) ERBB2
b) EGFR
c) VDGFR
d) FGF
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Explanation: The normal ERBB2 gene is often overexpressed or amplified in the case of human breast carcinoma or ovarian carcinoma. The high level of ERBB2 can lead to poor survival of the person.
5. Which of the following gene is found to be amplified in Breast carcinoma?
a) ERBB2
b) EGFR
c) ERBB3
d) ERBB4
View Answer
Explanation: The normal EGFR is often overexpressed in squamous cell carcinoma or glioblastoma (cancer of). It is often activated by autocrine stimulation by TGF-α.
6. GRB2 consists of which domains?
a) Two SH2 domain flanked by single SH3 domain
b) Single SH2 domain flanked by two SH3 domain
c) Three SH2 domain flanked by single SH3 domain
d) Two SH2 domain flanked by two SH3 domain
View Answer
Explanation: GRB2 consists of single SH2 domain flanked by two SH3 domains. SH3 domain acts downstream in signalling pathway by acting as binding site for proline rich domain in effector molecules.
7. Which of the following drugs are known to target EGFR?
a) Cetumixab and panitumumab
b) Trastuzumab
c) Sorafenib
d) Nilotinib and bevacizumab
View Answer
Explanation: EGFR is one of the member of the family of EGF receptor which leads to growth of many types of cancer including breast and lung cancer. Two new drugs Cetumixab and panitumumab are known to target the receptor/target its downstream kinase activity.
8. Which of the following drugs are known to target Neu gene?
a) Sorafenib
b) Nilotinib and bevacizumab
c) Cetumixab and gefitinib
d) Trastuzumab
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Explanation: Oncogenic Neu in humans is known to be a major contributor for pathogenesis of breast cancer. This gene is targeted by monoclonal anticancer agent, Trastuzumab (Herceptin) which is used in treatment of appropriately selected cancer.
9. Which of the following does not belong to the family of enzyme linked receptor?
a) Epidermal growth receptor
b) Rhodopsin like receptor
c) Glial cell-derived neurotropic factor
d) TRK neurotrophin receptor
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Explanation: Rhodopsin like receptor does not belong to enzyme linked receptor. IT is a cell surface receptor belonging to G protein linked receptor family. It involves the largest group of G protein linked receptor.
10. Which of the following gene is potent tumour suppressor for breast cancer?
a) PTPN12
b) PTPRZ1
c) PTPRN2
d) PTPRG
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Explanation: Suppression of tumour progression and role of tyrosine phosphatase is not well understood but PTPN12 contributes to some primary breast cancer in which its loss of function relieves constraint of EGFR and ERBB2.
11. Which of the following drugs are known to target VEGF?
a) Gleevec
b) Vectibix
c) Avastin
d) Trastuzumab
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Explanation: Vascular endothelial growth factor is important growth factor for vascular endothelial cells promoting growth of new blood vessels. The mutation in it can cause Lung cancer, colorectal cancer etc. Drug such as Avastin is used to treat the cancer related to this mutation.
12. Which of the following drugs are known to treat glioma and oesophageal cancer?
a) Avastin and Gleevec
b) Gefitinib and Erlotinib
c) Nilotinib and bevacizumab
d) Sorafenib and trastuzumab
View Answer
Explanation: Oesophageal cancer and glioma is also caused due to alteration in targets such as EGFR. EGFR is one of the member of the family of EGF receptor which leads to growth of many types of cancer. Two new drugs Gefitinib and Erlotinib are known to target the receptor/target its downstream kinase activity.
13. Which was the first growth hormone to be identified?
a) PDGF
b) VEGF
c) EGF
d) FGF
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Explanation: The first growth hormone to be identified was Epidermal growth factor (EGF) by . EGF binds to cytoplasmic tyrosine kinase domain of EGFR and activates it, promoting trans- phosphorylation.
14. Which of the following transmembrane receptor is not important for regulating growth?
a) FGFRL-1
b) PDGFR
c) EGFR
d) VEGF
View Answer
Explanation: The most recently found member of FGFR family is Fibroblast growth factor protein like 1(FGFRL-1). FGFRL1 does not promotes cell growth or differentiation. It is rather observed in the process for cell adhesion.
15. How many tyrosine kinase genes are encoded by receptor tyrosine kinase in human?
a) 35
b) 60
c) 90
d) 58
View Answer
Explanation: There are around 90 tyrosine kinase genes encoded in humans. The tyrosine kinase is divided into two parts: receptor and non-receptor tyrosine kinase. 58 of them encodes for receptor tyrosine kinase which were grouped in 20 subfamilies. The remaining 32 encodes for cytoplasmic/non-receptor tyrosine kinase.
Sanfoundry Global Education & Learning Series – Cancer Biology.
To practice all areas of Cancer Biology, here is complete set of Multiple Choice Questions and Answers.
