This set of Unit Processes Questions and Answers for Freshers focuses on “Industrial Processes-II”.
1. The fuels can have a wide range of octane or cetane numbers.
a) True
b) False
View Answer
Explanation: The olefinic products can be polymerized to synthetic lubricating oils or utilized by the Oxo process to make alcohols, or the paraflinic materials can be oxidized to produce fats and detergents. The fuels can have a wide range of octane or cetane numbers.
2. The oil-hardening processes use which type of compounds?
a) Long-chain acids
b) Esters
c) Saturates
d) All of the mentioned
View Answer
Explanation: The oil-hardening processes use long-chain acids and esters and saturate only the olefinic linkages in the carbon chain; in the reductions to be described here, the carboxyl group (-COOH) is changed to an alcohol group (-CH20H), and the olefinic bonds in the chain mayor may not be reduced at the same time.
3. Which is the active catalyst for hydrogenation of lauryl ester?
a) Nickel
b) Copper-ammonium chromate
c) Aluminium oxide
d) Potassium permanganate
View Answer
Explanation: An active catalyst for hydrogenating the lauryl ester of coconut oil fatty acid is made by decomposing copper-ammonium chromate at 350-400°C.
4. What is the purposes of hydrogenating hydrocarbons?
a) Improving petroleum products
b) Convert low to heavy oils
c) Transform solid fuels
d) All of the mentioned
View Answer
Explanation: The purposes of hydrogenating hydrocarbons, petroleums, tars, and coals are (1) to improve existing petroleum products or develop new uses and products, (2) to convert inferior or low-grade materials such as heavy oils and tars into valuable petroleum products, and (3) to transform solid fuels such as lignite and coals into liquid fuels.
5. What is meant by gasoline specifications?
a) Sulphur content
b) Stability
c) Oxidation
d) All of the mentioned
View Answer
Explanation: The gasoline specifications are concerned with sulphur content, gum-forming materials, general stability and resistance to chemical change or oxidation, and detonation and volatility characteristics.
6. Which type of reaction is hydrogenation?
a) Exothermic
b) Endothermic
c) Neutral
d) None of the mentioned
View Answer
Explanation: Hydrogenations are usually exothermic, but the amount of heat liberated depends on the proportion of hydrogen consumed and the nature of the process.
7. The hydrogen consumed in the process depends on what?
a) Raw materials
b) Products
c) Low-boiling hydrocarbons
d) All of the mentioned
View Answer
Explanation: The hydrogen consumed in the process obviously depends on the difference in hydrogen content of the raw material and finished product and on the extent to which gases containing methane and other low-boiling hydrocarbons are formed.
8. The yield of liquid reaction products during hydrogenation depends on what?
a) Solidification
b) Liquefaction
c) Gasification
d) None of the mentioned
View Answer
Explanation: The yield of liquid reaction products will depend on the amount of gasification during hydrogenation.
9. The operating hydrogenation processes is divided into 3 parts.
a) True
b) False
View Answer
Explanation: The operating hydrogenation processes, it has been found advantageous to divide them into two parts: (1) liquid-phase reactions, where pulverized coal and pasting oil or heavy oils are contacted with hydrogen, and (2) gas-phase reactions, where the light oil exists practically entirely in the gas phase during hydrogenation.
10. Hydrogenation of petroleum oils is/are classified in what?
a) Destructive
b) Non-destructive
c) Both destructive and non-destructive
d) None of the mentioned
View Answer
Explanation: Hydrogenation processes for the conversion of petroleum oils and petroleum products may be classified as destructive and non-destructive.
11. What is/are the use(s) of extra hydrogen?
a) Hydrotreating
b) As fuel
c) For manufacturing
d) All of the mentioned
View Answer
Explanation: The excess hydrogen is vented from the unit and used (1) in hydro treating, (2) as a fuel, or (3) for manufacture of chemicals (ammonia, etc.).
12. What is meant by pryolozation of high-molecular-weight petroleum fractions?
a) Hydrogenation
b) No hydrogenation
c) Oxidation
d) All of the mentioned
View Answer
Explanation: If high-molecular-weight petroleum fractions are simply pryolyzed, i.e., if no hydrogenation occurs, then progressive cracking and polymerization generally lead to the final products: (1) gaseous and low-boiling liquid compounds of high hydrogen content, (2) liquid material of intermediate molecular weight and a hydrogen: carbon ratio differing more or less from that of the original feedstock, depending on the method of operation, and (3) liquid material of high molecular weight, such as tar and petroleum coke, possessing a lower ratio of hydrogen: carbon than the starting material.
13. What does manufactured-gas and coke-oven industries produce?
a) Oils
b) Ashes
c) Tars
d) All of the mentioned
View Answer
Explanation: The manufactured-gas and coke-oven industries produce large quantities of tars, and these can be hydrogenated to produce satisfactory motor or diesel fuels.
14. The processing of tar is much easier than that of coal.
a) True
b) False
View Answer
Explanation: The processing of tar is much easier than that of coal, and the operation is more closely related to petroleum hydrogenation than coal hydrogenation.
15. The hydrogenation of coal is which phase process?
a) Vapour
b) Liquid
c) Solid
d) None of the mentioned
View Answer
Explanation: The hydrogenation of coal is a special application of the liquid-phase process. Coal is a complex mixture of very high-molecular- weight compounds which apparently exist as an elaborate network of carbon rings.
Sanfoundry Global Education & Learning Series – Unit Processes.
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