Inverse Matrix in Java

This is the java program to find the inverse of square invertible matrix. The matrix is invertible if its determinant is non zero.

Here is the source code of the Java Program to Find Inverse of a Matrix. The Java program is successfully compiled and run on a Windows system. The program output is also shown below.

//This is sample program to find the inverse of a matrix

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import java.util.Scanner;
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```
 
```
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public class Inverse 
```
```
{
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    public static void main(String argv[])

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    {
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        Scanner input = new Scanner(System.in);

        System.out.println("Enter the dimension of square matrix: ");

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        int n = input.nextInt();
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        double a[][]= new double[n][n];
```

        System.out.println("Enter the elements of matrix: ");

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        for(int i=0; i<n; i++)
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```
            for(int j=0; j<n; j++)
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                a[i][j] = input.nextDouble();

```
 
```
```
        double d[][] = invert(a);
```
```
 
```

        System.out.println("The inverse is: ");

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        for (int i=0; i<n; ++i) 
```
```
        {
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            for (int j=0; j<n; ++j)
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            {
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                System.out.print(d[i][j]+"  ");

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            }
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            System.out.println();
```
```
        }
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        input.close();
```
```
    }	
```
```
 
```

    public static double[][] invert(double a[][])

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    {
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        int n = a.length;
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        double x[][] = new double[n][n];

        double b[][] = new double[n][n];

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        int index[] = new int[n];
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        for (int i=0; i<n; ++i) 
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```
            b[i][i] = 1;
```
```
 
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 // Transform the matrix into an upper triangle

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        gaussian(a, index);
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```

 // Update the matrix b[i][j] with the ratios stored

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        for (int i=0; i<n-1; ++i)
```
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            for (int j=i+1; j<n; ++j)
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                for (int k=0; k<n; ++k)
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                    b[index[j]][k]
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                    	    -= a[index[j]][i]*b[index[i]][k];

```
 
```
```
 // Perform backward substitutions
```
```
        for (int i=0; i<n; ++i) 
```
```
        {
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            x[n-1][i] = b[index[n-1]][i]/a[index[n-1]][n-1];

```
            for (int j=n-2; j>=0; --j) 
```
```
            {
```

                x[j][i] = b[index[j]][i];

                for (int k=j+1; k<n; ++k)

```
                {
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                    x[j][i] -= a[index[j]][k]*x[k][i];

```
                }
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                x[j][i] /= a[index[j]][j];

```
            }
```
```
        }
```
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        return x;
```
```
    }
```
```
 
```

// Method to carry out the partial-pivoting Gaussian

// elimination.  Here index[] stores pivoting order.

```
 
```

    public static void gaussian(double a[][], int index[])

```
    {
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```
        int n = index.length;
```
```
        double c[] = new double[n];
```
```
 
```
```
 // Initialize the index
```
```
        for (int i=0; i<n; ++i) 
```
```
            index[i] = i;
```
```
 
```

 // Find the rescaling factors, one from each row

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        for (int i=0; i<n; ++i) 
```
```
        {
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            double c1 = 0;
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            for (int j=0; j<n; ++j) 
```
```
            {
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                double c0 = Math.abs(a[i][j]);

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                if (c0 > c1) c1 = c0;
```
```
            }
```
```
            c[i] = c1;
```
```
        }
```
```
 
```

 // Search the pivoting element from each column

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        int k = 0;
```
```
        for (int j=0; j<n-1; ++j) 
```
```
        {
```
```
            double pi1 = 0;
```
```
            for (int i=j; i<n; ++i) 
```
```
            {
```

                double pi0 = Math.abs(a[index[i]][j]);

```
                pi0 /= c[index[i]];
```
```
                if (pi0 > pi1) 
```
```
                {
```
```
                    pi1 = pi0;
```
```
                    k = i;
```
```
                }
```
```
            }
```
```
 
```

   // Interchange rows according to the pivoting order

```
            int itmp = index[j];
```
```
            index[j] = index[k];
```
```
            index[k] = itmp;
```
```
            for (int i=j+1; i<n; ++i) 	
```
```
            {
```

                double pj = a[index[i]][j]/a[index[j]][j];

```
 
```

 // Record pivoting ratios below the diagonal

```
                a[index[i]][j] = pj;
```
```
 
```
```
 // Modify other elements accordingly
```

                for (int l=j+1; l<n; ++l)

                    a[index[i]][l] -= pj*a[index[j]][l];

```
            }
```
```
        }
```
```
    }
```
```
}
```

Output:

$ javac Inverse.java
$ java Inverse
Enter the dimension of square matrix: 
2
Enter the elements of matrix: 
1 2 
3 4 
The Inverse is: 
-1.9999999999999998  1.0  
1.4999999999999998  -0.49999999999999994

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