Engineering Geology Questions and Answers – Sources and Zonal Distribution of Groundwater

This set of Engineering Geology Multiple Choice Questions & Answers (MCQs) focuses on “Sources and Zonal Distribution of Groundwater”.

1. The water which in a state of downward movement under gravity is __________
a) Groundwater
b) Vadose water
c) Connate water
d) Juvenile water
View Answer

Answer: b
Explanation: Vadose water, which occurs from surface downwards up to a variable depth and is in a state of downward movement under the influence of gravity.

2. What is the process of movement downwards of vadose water called?
a) Infiltration
b) Filtration
c) Deposition
d) Down-flow
View Answer

Answer: a
Explanation: The movement of vadose water is commonly described as infiltration. The thickness of soil and rock through which the vadose water infiltrates is called the zone of aeration.

3. What is the upper surface of the zone saturation called?
a) Aquifer
b) Aquiclude
c) Water table
d) Aquifuge
View Answer

Answer: c
Explanation: Water table is the name given to the upper surface of the zone of saturation and is of fundamental importance in the study of groundwater reservoirs.
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4. Pick the wrong statement about groundwater.
a) It is turbid
b) It is odourless
c) It is free from pathogens
d) It is coloured
View Answer

Answer: d
Explanation: Groundwater has a suitable composition in most cases and is free from turbidity, objectionable colours and pathogenic organisms requiring not much treatment.

5. Groundwater is not safer than other sources of water.
a) True
b) False
View Answer

Answer: b
Explanation: The groundwater is relatively much safe from hazards of chemical, radiogenic and biological pollution to which surface water bodies are badly exposed.
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6. What is the water obtained from precipitation called?
a) Meteoric water
b) Connate water
c) Juvenile water
d) Secondary water
View Answer

Answer: a
Explanation: Meteoric water is the water derived from precipitation (rain and snow). Although bulk of rainwater or meltwater from snow and ice reaches the sea through surface flows or run off, a considerable part of precipitation gradually infiltrates into the ground.

7. Water present in rocks from the time of their deposition is __________
a) Meteoric water
b) Connate water
c) Juvenile water
d) Secondary water
View Answer

Answer: b
Explanation: Connate water is the water present in the rocks right from the time of their deposition in an aqueous environment.
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8. What is usually the nature of connate water?
a) Sweet
b) Odour
c) Salty
d) Odourless
View Answer

Answer: c
Explanation: This connate water may be encountered in sedimentary rocks like limestones, sandstones and gravels. It is commonly saline in nature and is of no importance as a source for exploitable groundwater.

9. Juvenile water is also called __________
a) Meteoric water
b) Connate water
c) Magmatic water
d) Secondary water
View Answer

Answer: c
Explanation: Juvenile water is also called magmatic water and is of only theoretical importance as far as water-supply schemes are concerned.
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10. Some hot springs are derived from which water?
a) Meteoric water
b) Connate water
c) Juvenile water
d) Secondary water
View Answer

Answer: c
Explanation: Juvenile water is the water formed in the cracks or crevices or pores of rocks due to condensation of steam given out from hot molten masses or magmas existing below the Earth’s surface. Some hot springs and geysers are clearly derived from juvenile water.

11. The vadose water which is lost to the atmosphere by transpiration and evaporation is __________
a) Soil water
b) Intermediate water
c) Phreatic water
d) Water table
View Answer

Answer: a
Explanation: The soil water is very important for the life and growth of the vegetable cover of the globe. It is lost to the atmosphere by transpiration and evaporation.

12. Which zone is a zone of non-saturation among vadose water?
a) Soil water
b) Intermediate water
c) Phreatic water
d) Water table
View Answer

Answer: b
Explanation: The intermediate vadose zone occurs immediately below the zone of soil water. It is in fact a zone of non-saturation: water in this zone is moving downwards under the influence of gravity.

13. Which zones are together called zone of aeration?
a) Soil water and intermediate zone
b) Intermediate zone and zone of capillary water
c) Zone of capillary water and phreatic water
d) Soil water and phreatic water
View Answer

Answer: a
Explanation: The intermediate zone is generally of small thickness and may be even absent in many cases. The soil water and intermediate zones are sometimes collectively referred to as the zone of aeration.

14. The zone of water which occurs only in fine particle size is __________
a) Soil water
b) Intermediate water
c) Phreatic water
d) Zone of capillary water
View Answer

Answer: d
Explanation: The zone of capillary water, called capillary fringe is present only in the solids and rocks of fine-sized particles underlying the vadose zone. It is absent in the coarse sediments.

15. Which vadose water zone is also called the zone of saturation?
a) Soil water
b) Intermediate water
c) Phreatic water
d) Zone of capillary water
View Answer

Answer: c
Explanation: The phreatic water zone, also called the zone of saturation lies below the capillary fringe, and it is the water held in this zone that is called groundwater in the real sense.

Sanfoundry Global Education & Learning Series – Engineering Geology.

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If you find a mistake in question / option / answer, kindly take a screenshot and email to [email protected]

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Manish Bhojasia - Founder & CTO at Sanfoundry
Manish Bhojasia, a technology veteran with 20+ years @ Cisco & Wipro, is Founder and CTO at Sanfoundry. He lives in Bangalore, and focuses on development of Linux Kernel, SAN Technologies, Advanced C, Data Structures & Alogrithms. Stay connected with him at LinkedIn.

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